CIA
Cryptographically Verified
The CIA's 'Human Resource Exploitation Training Manual' — 1983 Interrogation Manual
SHA-256 Fingerprint
0362c0e68c077b3f7a4bad2d52fdcbc429ecbd2fbeae10c5eba86248e20b82b7
This fingerprint is immutable. Anyone can verify a downloaded copy matches this exact value.
124 pages
Download original PDF
Extracted Full Text
Machine-readable text extracted at ingest (native).
_
_
_
__
'\
‘_____
_
__
I
_
_
_____
_
__
__
__|
__
A
_
_
___
__
__
‘
:
___
_
_>____
_
:_
.___“
__v'_v:__
___
_
_
__
_<
_Q_
v
_
_
___
___.‘
I
_
__‘__
__
___
I‘
_‘_
_
_‘
_
__
_u___"
V____
"_¥__
__
____“___
_‘______>__
___>________
_q
_____
H
_
D
“___
_>_
¢
0_
A
3__w__"~__W_“_____H§5
__.__’__m_______w__"
“__“__
—_
_n_____U_h_~M
_““_________H.__‘H
&___m__
i
M?
>"___:_
"___;”_____T_______“_“___“__n__
“£5
__"
___§_______w
___“
___
__
_
_
__‘_._
"
_
___;
_
if
___
V
_.
__
_
_
_
__
___‘
_.
___:___
___
__
_____;_
?_
____'_
__
;_
6.“;
"___
__
_
____v__‘
.
’__‘
___
___‘)
_'_»_____'._
_____
__
'_'_:~
3
_
._
___“
___
___’
____
&__._.___'
‘
:_=__~.
_
:_
,.
__
~__7___;_
_<__
_
__
_______“_
_~*,__H__r_,___
__}_
_
"__,”_V___h
_
_
___
.__
_A
_V__
_
:V_
~_
_
_________h__
_
M;
T
___
"_:_'_
"___________E__.
__
“___v_____:
____________
_
__:
___”
_____
_
_
_.
_
__
_
‘___
{___
‘,3
§_
>_
J
____
.
_
________
4.
'_
_‘____
____V_____
___
_
________
____V_________:_
>_
_
__
_
________
~___________
.
___:
_
__
___
1
;__:___:::__>
‘_—'_*__-a.l—=~_1)-&“>L__€.O_1-‘1.__§——_i?§-@>§.-
__
'____
.____.'_
>
__._._”__
A
r
‘~
_
_
Q
__
_”__
___
:__
_
_
_‘___
_
_:
_______
‘__
__>
_/___;____
_____d__)______l_
______f_________
_
_c________
?_.__~____
__
__
___'____
it
_:______
Q
_
_;__
_______"_
_____
_____
______’*
_
;__:___0.___
__
__~
_
__
____
__
_____
___
____________
__‘
.
3_
.5,‘
__A»“__
._____
$
__
_____
‘___;
__,__
,__,____:___W__,\_\
~___
H
_.___
__
_
_____“
_______‘_,‘__>______
___‘____\__“______"_
_‘_U__
___>i_”_3_‘,_“___
_:_‘__E“__’_______w
__
‘____
‘
_
'__€___
____,_
___'__________‘_.__T
.___‘__‘_;___
‘;)_A_____:_’_>_v>_
‘___
___
_D
G“
,:____________v_
__“______
_
__v____1_:~___‘_.~___
_.___
_
“___
~
_*_.
“___
___
_
\_
_
___
__'¢
‘__
=
'1
___
______£_____
__‘___>__
___
_______r_____?*_______?__
3
___
__1_w__"__:__‘__‘____?u_I____
_
_____‘__r_‘_
__$___
‘__
t__‘__
_
_“_i
l_v”____M_
Y)
v7_j‘?__
J
_
_
_:____v._
>_"
_
ti‘
_'_‘
___:
J
_
M_
______'_
J?
“Y1”
_
,____
_.____
__;
____
___’____
__
__,_
‘_______“
_~____>__~____
.’_’_.
__
,
fm
'
‘xvi?
.
~
_____
:“__V_____.____‘
_1.*‘___~_____“_"__v_k__r_;u__N__‘;_______v__>______h d________v______'
__
___?‘
v_______;
__
_______‘__,_____;;'
"_~___"_____{
__
___‘N__'_v_
‘JV
_____">“
_'
_____
__“_
_
v______
__"___~
_,___
__z_‘
___’
_
‘___
_‘__H>__'_~_:
_
J
__’
L”
Tn
_
_?__
____"___'____>“____>’_
'______
Y1
v‘
;
Lt‘
"___
‘__
ha.‘
_
A_V____
__
_
_
_>
_§_
__
_____>
‘__:_‘____‘
_v___
_____f_>___7__
W:_‘___|_‘____w___
____:__
__>___7_1
6“
/_
___J_
_"
1__
_________
"__
>__
_____
_‘__‘_:____,_
_
é____"__H___
_>_;__w___
r_____“____
h_____"__
____
_
_
‘
_
7
__
_v
“__
;_
_
_
___
_4n_J,>__:
_
_
___Q_
__
;
.r_
_
wk:
_"“____L
M‘!
9,
_
>fl>’iM>*_
____H____‘__
:
‘_
___?
_h___
_
V;
7__“_
_\_‘______
___;___
__!_;_w_
‘__v___
7
I
_
_
p:_H_
"L
H
____
‘V;
"___
W
_m__'________
___“_,‘__:_
H
___“
_?
__‘_”_
_____H__
______
__"__;
_"___
__
___
___
___‘
__
__
~__v____
____
___H_______>__<
____“:
>____v___‘____'_‘_.__ J
__
v__._
___“
“_
V’
'3
_”_‘_‘_,_
_______'____M____
~_L_~_
__
___H____j_
_’__*____‘V__’____"‘___
_‘__
_>_____,_W_U_‘_
___
’>_____w__i_____W>u_‘_
;____>________>____7___
___m
_'__f
5
"H__>__‘_M__v_
___”___h___
_H_W__>
h_(___h__>_>W‘v_;
H_
_~__“____
Vv_H>_H_
___“
'_____“_v___V_?___’€_‘
_
_‘_~H___“”Aw_“_
>_____4__"_”V_____
r
__
_
_
I
_>_____’_‘_
“_“_;_
_
V:
"_
___”
__W__V
_"_'_7__>w_'__'__"__
___"_____
_
______J;______J__
"_’_'______“'
'0
_
_‘__d
’
LL:
__
>
_,
___’
___);_
_
_"__
__
’__
___
_;_(__
_~_____'_i;
_>
____
"_v'__
___
_
.T_vv_
P‘
*___
_
___v_fl________v__
i_~_
:7
_)_____
_.“____V_
___;
J;_m__1*I“_&_»__l_L__‘____?____
v“_____>w_________'_:_3_
_________
___v~___
___“V______‘
__/N“____:__v
_______‘”_u___>x'"
_>__J_______r__w_______M___>___H
__4_
nu
V;'_%\_“_M“__A__’_;__’_“__:_ J‘_u_
___»_
‘_‘__,___“___v__;__
I__r’_>_______"____'_5_'_____
J
____'
_____
am
___;
_>
_._"___M_“____>w_?VL\___“_"'_‘___w_“___r_m_;5
_~______‘r_%___
______“_i¢_'_m______:~w__
_“
€
V___
___
_:_
V______
_
_w___V___h___V__?__
___:
____‘_____
v____
__
__
>_:__Nv_______>_
b______$:_>___
__>__v_q_
__
V_
________H__n____
___’
_
L_‘_“____
___"___‘u___iv_______
‘__’
_____:__Vv
'_r__M___
__&____________;
_v
_h_‘
_____'m_’_____‘___
_
v__\_____
m____"____:_hv___H“_ ,'__
;__'__
___‘____
_
>M_
_____>
_'_":___
____>___“;
'___:_
:5‘;
__
_>__r__
_
;_
V>____*__
5‘
_>W_____
‘_—__;
_H_______V_\_
is
_:____
d____K_’___VJ_‘V
_:_‘___V___~__&
_
_H_
_'_“______
b
3
Z
v___V
£1
___~_:__h_'____
I;
___
"__
_:__>_>__
___>:__“__‘”
__’
v
_'___‘
”__
___‘!
__’_4_______V______v___
H:
‘_
_
‘
in
__‘_v_
______‘____H_
_>"__\__m
"_____‘P____:v__
__‘__
____
___‘____
____~:
__‘_:
1’.
‘
T
_
__
__
_
‘
>
_
__
_>
__
_
>__
‘
A
J1
V______
H
_V
E
_
1_;_§
____________
_‘_;_’__/__‘___
>_>_‘__;
___v__J__
__
‘___:
__"_____u‘
___“___>_?____vv_____
~_
v_>'___'“__
__J_______
_>____
_:_1‘_“_
_‘__'_“___!“_
___
_
_
_5_>
)>__>_,__
___‘_:____v__‘__._
n:___
u_
_
_
______r¢
_
K“
i
K
__’_,
__>_
5:“
l_,__
_:__"r
,__
___
___'______:__’__‘
~
_>___w,_,__yh____
hi
G
__
>__
i_________:
>____‘____
__'
‘______<___)__;F
___‘
7__‘:__u___'H________ )__
)
___v___’__
______"_____T__:__"__‘_'T___“ r_'___:_1___'__'_____">u__v__
w________
7
_____,
____>_"___
__A
w__
.'_.'_¢A”¢._'v_".'-
___?‘
___‘_€____’_
"_
_~_‘___
__€_'_¥_>v_
~___
_v__:‘_
__,_
‘
______;;v_____
___A_V__
'
9:
'__:__
‘___
_’W___hU___;>
__;_
__‘__,_______:__’_“
5
"ii"
M
W___M__‘___h_v________’_
'___~__“__
___
__:_<;
__
_
_______"_>_>‘__?
_1_,
______M___"u___“>v_v_"_”
__
’_‘
I
‘M
_?rE__2___‘_"u"_____%
’___<
5_:,_:_"____?_
~_______
,"
v____:__
___
__".__%_:__
H_”__b__?
_;
h_____rv“V
‘
____:‘*_
"____'“___w_*_
____
"____
‘___:
_"__n
_>___V__:>‘_“.’_
$;_“~A_'
_
__W
‘___’
_‘7_
___}
___
___‘
___’___:___
'
:>___’_
"_
_____‘___>__V_<1_)‘__>__;_¥‘_€_L__
g_?;___Lv
:r____
___",
__‘________'vH_H_______
‘_m______v‘_:':__________
_‘_‘____v____h_____>_“_‘__Q;__nH___’___“__>___"’
__‘_v_____‘________
’_>_|__‘_
_
>_
__€_
_____“__“___~_M_:__"_
____>y______
__
_
____"_
________r’__
_
‘P
‘___!
__U§_____
_~_____
_r_‘________
"___:)_
_______"
9%:
_
V’;
__“
_______~:_:
3
fl__
__‘___~_‘“:__p
._'_"______
"________
V”?
>____
{___
__
_____>_V__&_v_____:_
___
___
7______’J__h__
Ji_"___>_|_>_1___>
___"__:‘_v_>__>___
____:>f____
_______“_
V___‘____m_____'_‘__‘_~__T“__“
____‘_
L
__v__H__k~______vH'____‘_
_H.__
__
r__
_'
I
____
_
___
__v_“h_
__
__
_’“'__\~
_____"
_____,_M?_._'__»_!___;_
2)
___"
_
A1
v
‘__
________
,__‘_____
__
__
_
_______
_l__}__>
_—_‘v;_‘V__‘___>’"___""._
”_"__
__“_’_J_‘_____:“___?
‘
A______/__
___“
____$
_~__>_____r_____v_
_>
..\"(’v:'>’<-‘;“’)%€‘wQT
__%____":_
____
___¥__=_______>____,_>_W__H
_‘
:__'__"__n
_w__"w_u__n‘>_____
_
___
‘$
_”_‘_'_“____,
__
__
¥__V____M__)_';_____m_$_’___V__$___\
_:_1__
____
_
_V__£_y______g2%fr
___
"__§§_A__M_
__“_W1_"_g__V>W__h_h__h__xQgwgim*_%”_>fln_ii
_H___§“__$w____h__“HWK
_h>_bD__n_€____"_r
______”m_n__H_?"H___Uv____~'___
%_"________H_______,
_m_____VM___
!_J_’_
_h
L“
M____\Ehww_§3__"_u__“%§E__“
____m’_q__€
?__
K
flu
‘_____w__.__§
;_>_>___
__>_'_____>__€‘____E__u-_§>”§,H__"_
~___“>__h___r______L_T__
__‘______>_‘“___
>_1__\w__>__'J_>“_>___
wh_‘_"__>_"______%__3
_”_>_¢_____m“"“H___“_“___V__H {__;
HUM“
__£_'“w__._v%§3_»_£3__££‘§%_“_”_L_%____w
v__*_fl:___|“'w_____hn_____
_____'________“_M________:V l_wu__v;______
_
_“M_w
____
_
J:
A
“__
___“
__nv__“__w__________i_\
¢_h_"_‘
__
K
___“__'_
_i&
_“_
_
_
>
V
_
V
‘
‘
I
_
V_
__
_
V
v
V
'
__
V_
>
_
_
__>
__
__”
“
_
__
_
_
_
’
_
__
_\
_
:4_
:___,
_
__‘
?"_
_
T
___:
_A_
_,
_____Q__
_
_
,_>_
__
w_______>"
___
__
:___k>_‘____:___
_;____
_
_______?_
:_‘__
__’_‘>__‘_
_
__
___“;
__
7
_J
_
_
__
‘___
_J'_‘“___v
_.__
___‘
2‘
__
xii;
__
“_
__
in
*____r
J___
___
___;___
______
___:
~
‘
h
:__i___
_‘"__,___‘___H‘v»£__h\_3i;_?W__££__$“___?__'_
5
__
__r___
~
__
_’
{____ii__§_J___‘ww_‘V__"_“w_vW_x_i‘:_____r____“£______"__"__‘H__J
_E“_£__mfl_Wb“nm_"%J_”u?n____££M_“”g__&_w§__W_v
__
,__>
__‘_
__‘_
;_
>
W;
_~n___)____
V_
R
V___'_\__
h_
>_
____
n_v‘___'_‘__V____v
‘________n_
_
__>V
U‘
____
_V
____\_'__>
>_.h_q_
_‘_
:___v
_________
___.
___
__'_“'_____J_
2’:
_“'_v
_d____
__
____U
__
F‘
__‘_v‘v_‘
__J____
___
__’
1;”
A
_.
_
____
__
_>_
___‘____
_:__;:N_____‘:
____._,__.
“___
________>
_
_
___:
_,______
____”___'_,__r_v
L:
Z‘
2
“___:
_“:
__
__v____‘_
____v‘,__
;\
____
__
_
»_
_
_
_
__
__
_
P
*
__
__
_
__
_
____
__
_
_
__
1__
_
_
__
_________‘______
Q
__
Zr;
1”
:__
_
__
_
___
____>
_
Q__
__
__‘
_‘
_
_
__.___
J’
__
'
‘_"__”>______k_
”__~¥_”
.'__‘fl_‘_;_U___Tv&__
’____T_____>_’
__
___
‘__““
t;
__1___
T
________
“T
‘_
ft?
______‘__:__
_~
____—
~_
_
_
~
__\______‘
‘__>_
_
_
____.
_”___~__
_.____
:7
__
__‘
i
:5‘
___
___“
_'
~
J
é
___.
._”_
_
‘____
____
______’_
___
_____
_
_____
’__
:_
__
_
_
‘
__
I
_
_
I
_
_>
__
V_
‘H'"_
>_f_
'__
:_’__~
"
_>_
>
___‘__>_
__
__
‘if
_”
_V
‘V_'_v__
_A__
_
Y’
>“,___‘__>__7
_
_
7
_~_
__:_
”_
_“___:
,
_
_>_
__‘
:____,_
_‘>____,
______
___\_,_”____
,__v:___’__:__)__'_____,_’
\
_v_¢___‘___
_:_________>:»‘_
‘_‘.v‘:__
,_
__”_“_
____'___'fl
___~_h__5;_*___-v'“__~_____T
___}?
__"_
____¢_,___________
,
,________,____/______;__
_,_~‘______',___;_u__\U]_
____W___’____n
_
at
___>__”_
__>__N_
__h_$___'(___
_'__h_____H_,___.
____’_)'_h___,_
___:
__‘__‘______
___in_w_>___'______I"__ Z
__~:_>‘_fl_’__V__>”
_;_>__fl__"r___
__
____5__,__*__v___'_____
___’__W,"_‘
r
_"_
“___fl~__>_~___n___“:____(___
___a__$____4___b__h__“__‘
_
___
_
_:_’_m__"_>
V__v_H___“
H____n__q_F__€___w__L5
__,_____€_”_>_5(___;____
______4__‘
_
(
_
:____
,_‘_
_>___
_,_‘_____
___‘:
________]_
__
2:
__:__‘__:
__‘
_>__»_
__
‘_£_
1
V:
__>__
____>‘_
___
__
w_
_>
__
V:
__
-_‘€v
>v_:__'
_‘___
_
_
_
_‘
__‘_,
_i_____
______
__
fa_~_v__1%"___f_’__:_¢’___;J_‘___
__f__”>___;
____‘_
__
‘>‘_-___‘
__,”
;__U____:_
v_£___“__r___:
_‘_____________:T__l_V
at
____H_m_M
_§_n______n
,________
_____(_____
~“>.>"-3
"__
_H
__'_J__”_K__w_’____'__
__>___m;
_H
1,“
__Y__m7___
__
'
U
1_:___
_
__
ha
___;
_’_7_
_
__'_‘_h
5
:5
_w___3____“_U_”
’_
__,_____,__
1-.-Y-./“-1-7U_l“"
£7
H_
§_fl___M___Hr_
W$__:H____“_____’
__
:_,__’
‘_A_"_H,____A_
‘___
_______\J_~__F_h_"____¢
__,>,__n_{__,>___’_
W
__
_
Ix
:__'H7
___v________
__>__’,‘___~,h__;€_
yT'~l<~v_'_v
__
>
___
/_
___8
‘_>__
‘___
_;_
_
__
_'
_____
;__
i_v___(_
___{_’__W
C_
">____'
_______
___/______“__
_;'_~_
__‘____A_
'______h__fl_
9
_____‘_HV_
>____
A'____>_
:____,___’_>__>“__b'______
t______
__g_“__
_:N_____r>__K_____l_v,_>
_:______'___3_________‘____u_W_
r____
>__?__~_>___>____P
:1.
__
A’
f
_____,
'“__
M
v__:___
___v_
___
3
_W__;‘)">__.g___‘__"__
____,_’___h____“_»_“
‘~_
__
flu
__“___~_r_,_*_n___"_
__)k__’>____H_%__""
'_fl_”___
'_?‘_>_____m__v_
_
3_"_,:__‘_J,_hy__5?H“
A
7
%___________A
2
__
__:
’_______J______w__mH_€(_
I
___
M?2w__>w__A'_“,___#’_€2
_'_€_y__H_m_K
&_t___
___’__>“______‘"___h__
’__~___W_‘_>V_Z__’_______”
5
0
‘__""v_fl_>____‘__J__~__
.*_.;_:___v_____
w_>___m___m‘_)¥_j:___/_w_’_{____
:?_’%_
_____:_~v_>_____
______“>___£_h%"W_udw__x_:n_.
_
m
“__:.~_‘,#__N__#___P_}_"__'€?m~A____Afl__DViwhu
___‘“___§__w___,_‘_y___,H
_’_‘“__U__'_U
fl"H_JH__%_‘"_____”__>w__£__€£9?___m%_%_U_“_m'
w
0
”_h’____g_D__\_%
_.___-§_+_,D.“>i:.___‘__¢_\‘__
_
C
_m"__
_3__1__r_y___fl__M__>‘“_____”
2
E?
q_h_%J___m_$“__w___’_“h__A_>_w"_ 17_
‘__4_I__§_H_._?_wv__H_
H__>!__r§__"“M_~“Jvt____
__“_‘_____>i
__
_\_
J
__
,
_V
_
_
__
_
_____:v
__>,'h____’____T____>J
‘
;A_____~_
3_¢_f_(___v__€H____7
8?
__;_____;_.__
_
____‘_>_>_
_________‘____
_
:M€_’__r
___}
___\__;
___
_“
;_i____
5
__
__
i
_
If
__:___‘1’_'__________;_
_£_________f
__v_‘<"4_é"
ff
_
‘_A_____7_
__
V‘
2
_:_____‘___€,
'V_>________
___f
__
_:__>_
_‘____':_‘”_
_
M:
7_>______“____;b_____‘__
________
___
___.
_"v_h_:___
i_,__h___:___;___k:\_’H
/
___'1__,___>__,__‘>
____
J‘:,1)~_‘:4__~_‘J__v_
__“__H___,
'"____“_f
:_J_:_
_________,_'
)4________;_
U__,_xq__l>
"1
_N"__h____q_'“________\
6
>
“___!
_____'___;__V____H____.
___“_A
___:
$1
‘;_>‘_>_-_v_’____fl’v__:
_:__
__»_
Z
_V_:>_'_‘
>_
_'_;__‘
y___‘
3?“
___~__?
>______
__‘_‘_>_'_‘___
m
'_%______
Add
‘_J____’___'
___“_u_V__(_”_¢
Kw
_”fl___w_r__\_>_‘_Vh_’_‘v'__m
"__'___&_Hk_V__b_____V__>_x_w__
$V__J_\‘
"__J__7‘__’__
_hm’___,">___§_B’_,U_~__‘%_~,“_
'_“_H_
_>__
_
__v
____
_
_____?_
__m____*____>
__~_____’_______>
_H___€_
>_>
___Q
y__"__
h___>_m____:>__
_n_
__>__>5___VV'__V__i_I
____
M__'_.____
5“
%
_W___“_‘
_w_‘_____
“____:___'___>v____
____'>__A_
_______:__n___‘_\_
“'__!__
A__‘_____:__77_
__’__;_
5
_/__A”____fl’{______’
_
__
__
_
;
__
______:__
_7__‘__A__A___;_
/___A___
:A______
"
_>__A______Y,_a_>
,0
_'_>_H,;-__‘;_’}____
_,___‘_______;_:
________‘__/,_,_
_
5
__h__~_
1
>
)_“___
’_
G‘
______,_’____
F
“___:
H
___a__’___‘_________A
2
an
_“___T¢____§_>_£Hw2%
’y_km_w”_____?§
__3_1>_l__£_v
J_‘___/____m
T
hf
________;_Ad
__>_"W_____’x___wW_\___h_'>>__h__>
E
H_'"____>__
___‘_v___“*____‘
fly
__“__”__“
J_v‘1-“’v‘T—“
€__/____n__
__“__’__
F
3
__”___m__v____
in
_“__?__H_,
___f’__’
_w__P_,y
T_‘_>_fl_mm_H"k_%'____>h
“__H_§
__
>
__
Hf
___
__'_
_’
’_>____
____
_
v‘___‘______"_V
__;_____
S
_V_‘n________
_“_
;__'_______:__>____w
__
__“_v‘______u_%_z‘_‘_‘____>_T_____‘1?;w____A__>____u___V‘___
__
'_>_>V__
_;_
r___>___‘____’__
a
f
_
_
___
i_,_
_:__"____V
L
F
w
_
I1’:
___
2‘
'-::v._r
____’__
____
___’
_V
_______
______u
{
__!_
___;
__:_
_L__:______r_V__
_v____>
}‘__
V___________
__W‘_
e
_
_______
‘_:__
__
t__
___
__
‘
_>_____‘_>
___q:__
3!
___);
’:_____
f___"‘______>__
>_h______V_;>_V
__
>_
__>_“__’_____;__
_
R
%___‘)’__&_._§JJ____“_m_
Q
gr
w_____3_:____k“_&mm__M_“_hw%§_’}“H_J’
_
w
&
§_H_‘C__
W
5
___M“__‘_______6;_Ly—§__%€
‘___?
_‘_§_\_,_’
“W__~U_~__'__,_36_____
__"__f_%_i_§_‘__£___¢_
_
3
l
1'
)___
_._‘“___
_______H
__
Ti‘
___
‘______
~_
___:
___;
___{_____,_v_
>_________‘____‘_____‘_v">
_;_"
,____'>_____1_U_;"_>_‘__
f
'_"__:__
$__Z_A___“£__$___
h___%V_§___Q_"_“__nQ?g
___m___’v“___’__“__3_M“\_ N___">£__MH__D
_“_'______1___
“___,3_%__£___?_%
d
2?
v
?____/2
___;
H__§_E?__%_%_3”__H___w
_“___b__%>
__;_
0'0____VgV_‘H_i;
W
J’
Wk____":_'____A¥_'_3~_ %§§_£__§_$3;H_§_%5¢_mD_$__)_mj%%_,_g_%_§$
_
__
t_'__N_,_>
>>______fl_____:_>V__
»_____
,_
__
’>
,__
____._:‘_fl_>U_v'_L‘fl_
2
__3_¢:___,_~v_h‘_m___"H‘_>__:5
__‘D_______u_“_v__‘
m
____v€___i_
E
u_v_”_aw%__g
_A_*_q__
5
“M§_3_Jh___$
_w_____1_
__K___h
N__fl_Vw
>_
pg
’1__TT_________“_’
___
>___flMx
was
_r___’“_=__
_“>___>‘____
,______>_V__
Q
1
_.\_
__“___
___?
v_v"_v_vv/2
_"___>M_
__Vr
___
_____
x“
______(__J___A__'_
‘
“_
V__~_“____"___1)\;V\_____V"______fl
__g__>____‘__b_Z_:
__§__;____H_§___}_V_’i_
“___
____‘>______
’__“__u___>“__~__v__‘__\__'
___
x
an
________'____‘__‘___V__;___
___:W
:_Af___‘__
(____:__
M_______
;______>1,_______
__\_
J2“
_.l_____,_>,_.'
\___~h______________
_':____)____‘__v_____“__i_
:____
_‘
_
__
_
_
___
“__'_v_L.
flJ.v__v'___
"v‘__"‘
‘_
>
__
__
F
__
__
‘_
___
_
__
__
1
_d_
;__w_‘_'
_;__
A_
R
3
_,_m““__$_‘H_“_"_;____H__§w___“h_M__“_T____w 1
_"___h*4h1_w____“”__v““__fl__U___M__w¢Uh_“_w
__i__L_\_a___#___"_‘__$_‘___&
P
3
’
__»__h_”____13__”_L_w_x£.__N___
__________
____"__
___
_h_v___'_
>___
_____>___:_______,__:__’_:_b
n__'_____‘_
*_____J____‘J
h_\,____:__
_
“*3.
‘___;
_v_$___W_"___0_____€_m__*_"_“_M_wh“___“
__
as
>_w_
_h_
'_
_
_Hr__£____
___
__
_____£__vw____»_____‘”___m*__>"__N
M__“__U+__i”
__d_________"N_
____>__'_
_U
_v
_
___.
9:‘
_:
_v_"I_1__
___’___‘__"
____C
_“__>___\_____
“___,
I
>_______“_,_>_~___‘__“_
___
J’_~_>
_'_
_
v
_:__'
__
___.
_
_*_w_““V?_W__~§___"_5_"“ £__h_““‘_3_M_M
ii,
_N___"___W‘_A_q"‘_H,___
___“
“_>_”__v______>_wMmSEEMv_vJ___”q“m____$__‘hv§flW$
_~EM_m
___
_
__
__w"__H____Vi_____*3Hm_%h_~u____H§_____“_w_vi“ J
"____\_U_‘P>___Z
Q‘
_
V
if_uJ__:_____;“_v“_
___
__
___
'_____‘
__’__:_
__
_""__h_______V_”_m_u____HH
___
‘___
;x_>__
_
____._
____r____‘
___
I
_
‘_
_
:______
>
_
xi
__‘___'
>
_
”__
>____
§__v_
~___,_v__
____b__
__>________'__
_w__
____v______v__
>_>__
___‘__‘
_,
__“
_
_\fl_
l_“_h_MmdL_w____w_"___h__
H”“__*_H____n_“H_v
H_$3NW_vM__g__A___“
_
__M
,_'MA___'_>
>_w_*_’_,_M“I_"_____%
>____“M_/S”%%§€_r_”$_rwwN___
‘
8
3
_hp~_§;_
__“_______“M’____r____r__‘J_W___:_1___w____1fl_:_?__V?_____W_m__?P:_v___‘_____v___
___>_)_u
h__
_»H____
_v
“___
2
9
:
__H
V_>m___’__“___'_
‘
_____’______“__">_
>__’_’__>______:
:__"
~_W___M
_
___'__>_“______
_,H_
___‘
__“__w_J
___7w_____:________,_
_
R;
_:_
_
3
_
_____”_w_____€__N”_?”.T“_h__"€
_______U_“_y&_wm__q;3_M___m_H__"m>w_ E___>___xu“?U__“wb__§__Nn1_“ué‘""y“__q___i_J_k§_m"
_m_“________¥@°d_\_“%
‘__x
7
3891
R"
V
_"~___
_
___
'____H
___q___
_
Ur:
_V,_‘_
_T___“___~_
7'
__b__
_
'_
e
____
_”____’___’_"______‘__Qm___
___‘
Y,_v§__A__#
V;
_
0
h_§_'___%_"“»N__“__%5
F“A“_"______w__M_€“§_§w_"%_““___hEugRmwgxW’
M
_D__
‘___
__
v
___________“_"_‘_,_>_,_
U
_____‘_'__“
h_____v
M
__
_"_
_~
’
_r_
>
J
_
_
_*__‘_»_____‘_.__h__>_4_“____;£____n
_v____
,__3___
__
______'________$_>
__‘_____4_:__;J___
_;__
_
___i____
____
__\_A"v__'_¥_____v___: %:
4
~______$p_
___
.__
0
__"__>__
____
_
_r_____>_
J
__
_____
_________
____
_
7'}
_
___I
__
>
_
_
__’______~___;_
___”_v________;_N_“__»___€_V______"_8F“
L_
___‘____»
___’~“_V__4’_i___"’
________‘_“
_A_~__P___:___nv__€
Qt
i
Z____
___"__
C
*___§Mf3%%Dfl__§5"wA“__§$___:_MK_&_¥§_§%__§q__%m_§_%wghg
_w_
8
’_“
___
___“
;:_
_
_V_
_________‘__
‘___
>__~__dv_:“_____>r)_“__M_"‘J
_
__:____4
_
:___
"___,"
_u___uv_______\__‘h
">_
__;
___
_
__:rw____~_
_‘__
)_~_“_“:____
“_
.
_
‘
_________;__h“_>_
~___
_>_
»_‘_
L__>__
_"_u_
_________
____M_:_
__w__
__;____
‘___?
___
___>____'_
if
___
___"__;____’_
T
J_q___3:*‘
:2
m_flMm?§_"_‘&?$WJ_m_§__hU_H%nwM_§
___”
fl_~H__M§___”£M_%
W
M
W
__v_§_
{___§_a_w__b_
I
_
_"_H_
_:__\______”,___:
_V_“__N___h___1___y___‘____
______
M_h___“___3__”___"%£_W
L
__1____
g
_
_>_
J
____v_v
__
J
__—
'_
__
_“
_'
_
__
______
n
A/
Hf
___?
_g_*_____M
___“_w_h___i___M1____
I_%~3_”____~»_;M________?
'
g
___U____b__\_>___§__“n_J"___I_Mm__A_h__$»_?_vv_‘QM’v__’_’
_7__h__>___“___,__33_Wz_M__T'_;_J
_U____
_h_‘____N_wEw__“__£_H§_%_“f_m*__v_
H0
_“H__%_.~____Fm?hw_h{_>?m____H“_\_>_3_‘m__ j'__W“"n____u_w__>__v£“JHmm*_h;__w'%,_““_5_“w$____“__“kw"umw_W_§_%¥_$_1v__
g
U2
__V_v_'_‘_)'_~“
_'
_w____‘_'_'____L_____"H___H__W__g___”_____if
_N_U_____._x'"_"_
x___'__”__v:____’__'_
an
_r__v
__'__
_'
_‘I__V__y______'___“_
____”_____qSV
;_’___
_fl____
~
_’
__
I
_
_
'“_§__"__M____¥
2
w__”______’v
__‘:Mi_____$v_N_V__§_n__~m__b_“_£m_
%?__u’_““_%_‘__M_Z_‘%w%?_w_
w
l
_
>
__
>_
__
_
_
_
‘
__
_
_"__
__
_
_:__
MWW
YP
FL
_
Q
O
B
C
M
T
I
_
_____'___
__
____
__
__
___
__>_q_‘>___._____
:___
____
_J
_
'_
_
T
___
q
__
5
W
_r%§_5_;__
FM
H_m__%__%_w5%i*%§WN_%“V”__
Z
w
_
__
___!’
_
__
__
_’_V
12:
___
____
‘_
_
___
_
_‘
D
_'_____
__
__
_____'__
__
_
_“____
__'
Q
M
______
I
B
A
_€___~,mw____“‘_w_____@_>n_____
"_v_______n'__v____h;
HJ____v____v£”;_“_wHn_v__V_%_€“$“
___:;_____%
___§_>____£__“___V_‘____za_J%
“W
%
_
_F____i
_______
_
H_____________L‘_
____
¢_'_'_'_______._&__>__‘__>
“_____?_____w_U4____“:_>_
__;
"___\___§;;__"_}~___
_v_______*_‘__
_
__________
_
_
ii
_;____
______‘:_>_
___?____:_____p_
_
_"_‘_______“
________‘
______
_h__;___§‘___*
____n__"___
?____?‘fl_____8y<____§\___,*
___'__‘_$____
=5:__$__F_>_‘V_v7__gi_“.‘,
r
__$§n_____€_¥___”__‘_____'g__
£______"‘__M‘______3_
_m_x__“_,_¢m_’
u__>_______”_§§___"__H
_;__;_w
¢_____‘______>
______
_'_‘__£
(
_
O
__)__“___v____¢_’__'___
“___
___‘:
______"__U__M"_,_4.__h__M_M____P__w>____w_v______W1_T_“_'§_J_fl___"M
:\_:_
_‘%_____,___'_m“’H__§_M__K___‘¢*__h
“__f_
ti"
_
f
_
_
_
Eۤm_g
9%
d
_
__
_
_
_‘_>
_
_
_
V
_
V
__
_
__
’
__
______:_V_
>____
‘
e
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
>_
__,’_,__
__
_
__
___
C_____’__";___:._r___
,______>_____'_i_________A J
___:_____‘_
___________
__"_;___(“
___’?
_
___\
>__J“_‘:__‘“___;_x_&m_~__“__fl_h________?“
__“__m_‘______”“______
_
_,
W
‘rm
_
___
3€h_'__"g___H_,W__‘"H4___“__&_mh_T___%_T_“§_r_A_"__£A___$___“—§__NQmi£_M___“¢_Wh_'%‘___
4
_’
6
__'_
___?
Y,_“__>___‘>________“_‘_:_____ J___1_k_T
_€~_
>__:__$___Z__\
it
____A__f__~____>
v___‘____“__
___
__
p
H
_
?
_”___€“§“_,"_~gn__&_uh_(?_*___£umfl__§HD§___“’____~_?;p_T_$_"?M_2i_u__&_"_’__f_A“_~Am"W_~Dmv_H__“m_ f_HF__“_Vw$__J__h“~_"_A__““““__“~v_V? %M_7_3w¥$_”\J_H_‘3J£$__T?
_h‘_?____’"
____
_
I
p
_
‘_
Q.
Ff__\__
,3
‘*___
_
_
;:_____
___"___
n____
J
’_~___:_‘_
‘___;
___>_:
__
________,§‘%§>{HiNJ‘:n_hg“_vr_u___“_”H5%________
_H‘______
________H____»_
_____;_
___
__
¢__:__\
__
__A____\_
t___
__
____z_____?________
_
_
_
_h
‘___2__/’_h_
_>:
_,_
'_
_
>_
,_____
,_
‘_
_
____
2
_:___
:_.vm__
’
_
_
_
_
_
__
‘__
_
_
_____h__“w:_M_>‘~
__
_’_
’____
_’_
"_h“_________‘______:__
__'
_______>
__
______H_______~_
___;
_“'v‘-;_\"._-".
__“A_____
v_
_
J_____§__
‘___
>
\__'__>
f____4_____
s
_
'_a_____”
__
_
>
gp___%_W“_%___U.W__*__“mM__gé}fl__g%hi”§_“______wgqWH_”%._%“__;H3_E_€3mE_U”_wg_r__€J_§H_HmgggwgqaMW_“§g__¢__N_m>_f_m£§3fl_€_“_'n_m_wj_W
h______w__‘_'__M__M_'_
i
rm
_
___,
___
____
_
__
__
_
_
__
______
“_
_
_d_
__‘_”,____‘_
L
___:__:___“______H_____;__
___v_______4”________‘____*____La____“_l"_'m:_%_J'\“______h>_?____‘__‘_"____
‘____M__>rV
’H______“
___"__:_V___
'____‘__;_
___:>___
_¢___
____:______
>__~_‘___r:_,_____
“___
_
__
___
_
__’,____
r_
___
_'_____>_$_U__v__>__
_._h__'
_____
___h____w____
____
_v_._‘____
___"
_
I:
_
A
____
_£__~_____»_:$§_,____>J
'_i:_______??_;_M_______
_’_,____
1_
___>,_
gr?
_;_
___f___
/_____‘_____
;__
V’
_______,___,_________
F
__:
‘__,___i___v____E_’_;_
___‘
__;_>_____
1;
__:__________m_
________'_
_
_J_‘_____
__
___“?
___r_‘_
_?______L_____?_
&__5$___“_____’
_“______
:______"_"_
_"__q_
>
4
t$_:___7_:_»______Av
__>____:____V“:_____ g__/;__
_3_'
““__‘__U___________
A__"_______v_____U_~___v>__V__”__;___nh___M_’___V“_____U& f_
_U‘_?’___Vw__‘__?____’__'_ J_='r____*__’f__h_’__
:__?___h
__:___’_____i_”‘__
____
f__§_%_;__€_(__v______£__
_r________'_‘___g___#_______i____k
___n______jv__f_
>____£;____~_\_
_>________
’_
J
_“__£____J?__
_>‘___»__’“___?_¢____r_§_b__v__23my
__)‘___r____
__u___>_j____‘*_’_____
_’I_>_____________g_)_“__r_&_’§__{_2:4;q_“__”___~‘”_:_:_w_‘__ r_________J_‘__“____>_5:___“_“_____’__\____V___?___
,___‘_____§__§m_________ L______L_fj
_*______"___o
__,__‘___T__n_
"____
___
____
J3
___“
_
__:__________
_
_
__
_
_
1;
_
>___
_
:_
__
‘
>_m__
1
;:___,______
,_
__'_“
v_
_‘
__
I
__N
_
;___
i
___
>
____
_
___
5
Q_
____
“___
_
___A__
__’___
_
K“
*9
“___:
{___
;__:
_>___p
______
“___:
_
_‘
_i___‘_M__l_7:"g___?____“___>_v'_“_’_
;___J__'__~_H_
“_5____‘______o_5‘____?_.r_v_‘_____€___"_____i__
____M_v__
_V___fl___“__‘¥_“_______i___“__;"____ é{_
‘$___2_“Hw_u__€___
rt?“__’___d_:____~_\é’
___vw___;_____“_____"_ $___§_
__
:_
a
‘_
_____
__
1
i___’
_
_r___
_
_
___
“R
;
I
/
’_____:
f___:___*_
_____1____”__'_Z__:_>_.'"__,
_
5__,__n_____33_’__%___§__“%_;______
6____5_______,_
fl___‘_?_>_____€____#N
________2______(___>______
_;_"___V__t_____v/_J__p
$____‘____‘
___};
___
K
____~________n_____\_______
__§__~_4__§_e__~__
____§____\\__‘
>__r
_%
’_“;
:__
__
‘
____
N
K
/
__M______4__v______H___
__‘__€_MHE_§___§g___w____
5?
_¥__J__“__“Q___GH__“W_"____%____
_“_"________r__%0__f_
_,
_“y___
;q_
__
'
H
_
_
‘____‘__‘
________
___‘
’_
___
___‘
4'
_
___U__
‘__&___"__D____u________ r_5___h§_M_
‘_’_’__Z__w__"_w¥_‘_O___m_____v_WW___d_L_,_Wi_w~__U,_
”__t
“"__b_'_‘___\)__“_E_“W?1HVF»_____N§_%_gwgflmv
_
m
__
__‘
A
“xv
_§__
‘_
_
____
__
_
‘R
__
v
_
‘___
Q
0/
)
W
A
_
mm
_v__
__
_
_
5
>_
_
‘___
'_'_
f
__
,2
_,__#_
__'
___
T
_
1
’___
_
._
__
_
_
__
__
_
J
M
__
“I
’
__
___
_____
J___g___J'
at
Y:
___
_r_______
I
_
__
_
__
____?
__$
W;
_
'____
_i_u______
_~
_
J_d_____
__
_
Q
__*¥___'_’""
__~___&~_________
_f__5
w____u___d__y“<__’“_“’__
_“_____
_~
>§_____“__;n___‘__“
"___$b____"_¥_J_MWw’__£_”_”J__nU
___“
_>
____"__m__M______w__“__ N_’M____J"
.___‘__J______r_
’_‘_”¥)‘t_*___“_'_g_"__f____
(_@______'_“___:____
T_?_“__*____a
®__”________M__'________ *
_____‘_“_$’
____w__“__*__
V
a’
a_________
~_&____
0
_
_"
/
_
_
‘
_
___
/
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
‘
_
’_
R
__."__i}
1?
_‘
1
_
5
__"_____,__i__
w
~__
ha
__u___
%____
_,__:_‘___;
_’__
___
___i____p»____h__\_U__
h_:_;___
__:_
_
_
A
1
W
__~_w’____”_*$_i___i__”n%%M*_“!%___wi“
_$_'%,"
J2’
_
___x\__
_}__‘“__)“>J___‘_“____v__
y_¢‘"”__i_fl_
_€_&%_____’
*
“_
“
_
_
7:2
p
W
_
_
_
,
__
_
_
3
__
x
_
_
‘
_
_‘__\_“$’"_’Z_
___~“_______:02
“_yvg“h_\___‘__
__’
_%‘
“Q
wk“?
_
_
___
___\$_M?_r_~\m_
_"
__
_
__u__
X
_‘_,__"q___’_
___
___"?
kw
v
___‘%_>$___
v\____~_____%"__
_
__
___%J1“w“
_a__~A‘\___‘_‘“_____m_”__
___?___“__~__*@_
#
1.
___€%
5
I?
_
.5
>
M
HM
_
‘___’
__
_
_~
Z:
_
_
__V
§
‘
,
2
:___
___:_
>_
_V___‘
a
’_
_>_’_
f
_’
:_
___
‘N,
_v____’
_;_J
1
_“__
V_
-
}_‘______
:__
W1
__“_
___
___
__‘
_'__'_‘
>_
_
__
V
_
a
i
>__’_‘_
_
_
f
__,
___:
“__%__A____
___‘:
._
'1
>1
_
¥__€?_
)_>___lh__;_,_
__
vr_‘__~
___“
It
__
_H_‘__~%___;
___~{__v
T__M_(_~@_
“J
__
___:W_r____'
___’
_
’__~__
_____“
r_
___‘
Q.
_
F_____“_
__“_‘_“_U__“____
___?
___
H_____'_
_
~
U
ai
r
7
¢
_
_v_
___’
m
Q‘
>
__
__
_
_
_
_
_v
_
_
__
_\
v____V_'_
__
__
_>
_V
_:
_
_
_
_
‘b
_
_R_
p
_h_
;=
~
"
_
I
_
_
_
__
“___
___
‘_
W’
_’_:__‘__
€
.v_Ԥ
__f___Hf’____“_.
;__;_‘_
___‘
?__
_
___
_
)___,_
____A_>_____I__
__
__
___
~l_>
_
_
‘_
?___A_
___”
3
_w_
_1_M_
Z“
___’,
_”__m__'__\’_____‘w
___:___‘_’_____*
:_A¢___u__‘___‘__’_'__
J
________________?__v_______‘
___A“
_________"_:
S
;_v__
_
__&__
__
>
___
“_
__
_____€__?W____“_‘
__m_q____n____
M_“_____\__q__“__fl__?__w_J?_f”?w
‘___.
___
W%0w___%___€___.______%______w_’__________
w__$v_&
(Mu
_‘___
‘
_
‘
_
Q
Q
__V___
_
_
___
‘>
I
_
1‘
_V__,_
Q__>:___>_
_‘_
‘
I
_
‘_
P“
C
_
_
__
?__>_____
__+~____‘“___‘
__
___?
__
_
_)_
___;______
__
:
~_
_¢
3%
:___
_______J__:____
I
____
___:
_H_
__>*~_____
__'1___
__
3
‘
t
__
_
‘_
___
__
f
f
{__
___
____
___
_
$0
__
_
__
‘$1
___‘
_~
_
_
_
_
I
’_
_
A
f_
>__
_____:__(
_:__‘____
_:_
_‘_‘
'_
’
Q
_~_?$___
’_
_;__
_'
“£_‘___’?
_¥_
_fl_
:____
‘______‘__£‘_%__"__>_______w£_'__>>_’_______%%_“___%__€_‘
_“__:__W_§_’H__i__’_\Q
__$
5
__3_UM_
n__*__‘_~_“_a
_“,_%%"__MM~"%M____v___ur__a__L_q#_
______________’_~“_
_’
F
_M_
_“_
___
_
_
____
W
v___
_>
‘_>_____
_
_H
_'
_
_<___
__
_
>_
___
____
K
_"(_‘____
_
___
_>_
__Q__
__._
_
____
'___
'__
_
_____l___
“Y
“T
’_
_
__
___
‘_______
__"
‘
1‘
_
_
_
W“
x_L‘___fl__"'__’__
‘W_“r“J_i______1"é_
_u__J_'%i__'N$;_“W;_3K$__
m'Nv__s_W‘
“"M(H__'":__\~__£”_“__W*___"__Z_‘_____gm__*__N_~_____p_¢§_"“__M__“”m_“"£g__”__?_mw._%m_“_
_
G
_\_\___?a____T%
ha
_
O
_
_
_
_g_“_____J___H_,u>___
__¢_W__A_v___,“_______._’
_____'__}_____;__A:W____.__3H
‘__§.
____f_._"___‘__d_Q_‘_5£_’____*_m_u__“m__E__k__h_H“’_v_N____£a_M___’_$:__f_>_)____J
'“______U____w__”_“___>____
____’_
“___
:__’__€____'
w$_______________
_~__>___§__»h;‘_____‘__‘
___)____
_
______’_n'
‘
__’
A
_
_
_
%_V
vvfifin“___"___m¥_?m____n_fgm?~_____3_§___3_€\*_§'”i_”__%Mn____’~__'u__“¢_“%H__"_H
__&_‘
_
"“___:v
_‘b
m
J
__wi____”“____§_§a_w___§3_w_rq:__5_v_§n__m?_m__§§_?_
"_“_\__"_p>_’fl____0
___“
_v’_;?__?
Y‘
m_*>£
F’
_"v“_“___r_‘"____)___"_%
__wA___wg€__”"_§__§_fl_Q_""w_"w£_W_“__v_V_““__”___""_1_"_“"“_§"n”“_”_%_$m_“_“”"_¢$wP_“"§_"
~”*w"__"m_&_“M~_”%”¢___3%_‘w__“P
_
_
__‘
__
_
_u
_".____
___
__‘___
_____
_:._:'i_.___(_
__Y
"T
_'___N__._!>_“£___
___>_
;;___"_________
___:____"_"_
‘Z$5‘__xw1_U‘__Q____‘:___J__r_____’_
___.___;H
_‘_"__“:.n_1___>____“__;__
__
___
____“_.___'__U
_____
_
_'__
"__”
______
__
____'_
__‘_____.‘:_____:
___v___
‘
__r__:__"'________:_
N
2
5'
”_
___
__
‘S
___‘:
_
M
_
___
__
é
____i_____2__
___">_n~’___w_~__}__.__r
_"_q____“;_'___
,____‘;’____H__*__2_V_
:_____;_“I___>:>__
____v__>__"_
{Hr_,“__‘_“__?"__q__:__n__h__
it
__J_
"_____'_>__’_A__I__v__v_:_____;_ E"_;_w
f_________'“_
_
_
"___;"__*“__>___(___
_~_fl_-?__»’_t____f____“____5"__“:_$_____‘
“_
__'_»__"_£_____W________
__¢
6%’
~_~_
___
5°
___;
“
__
__
__
_
_
__
_
__‘_
___
I
___
W
_>
>’__’"___;‘___>_‘______
'15‘)-§‘$“.*L_a’>>Kv"P‘T_k
__;__’.
’_______fl_flv__
___&_______:’
__”_____
‘______n__v___?_:"_’_T___;: {__:"__;__
_>_"____
_r_
41
___
'_____:»_'__f___’_“___‘_r_
5.
_‘_;_
_.__‘_
I
_V__________
_<______>_&$~____._‘_
_?___
3
__£“
__
‘_
_“_
_r&r_r4¢
iéwe
F‘
_%________q_&__,55_’§__§__3??__%_“_“Q_~___vl
“__;_;__g___fl_h;_H£
V::___
_£___V_'h>__Q____q£_£__$¢_%M_L_£_£_b__“~_”___r__v___?
_'_____>_"___“___;§__:__
___‘;
“__2___________F_“*_”_i_'___hA_3£__*__i'___?H__w_J’______M___“
"______~____”___
_m_
___:
_“_
_:
___
i
_»
___
‘I
:_%__?mfgximu£_§¢_%%__g%Mn_%§Q
E
>
_”W_m;___?____J§_%_A__Jw___?_
__v>u___(_”_h__€€_x_v_p_’_i_r_‘_L
_;___5_€_
M
_v
___?
_A
__P_h_“___‘__)“__é
_
___
_AA_>_‘__“__§_______£___
3“,
___
_:___'__,
_’__"__l\___,_‘_r_.______
‘_,____
_______
__;__’_"__‘
__
______
__
_
____
_r
________)_U1____U
______
_
_
___“
____._
___:
_
_
_
1
__)__
J5
:_
__
_
___>
_
_
_
_
_
v
_
_
_
_
_
_
>
_
_
_'
>
4
I
_
_v
_
:
__‘___
__w_‘__
_
_;q:___f__’
_
___n“___‘____
&_
_/
___
___?’
__hv_'___‘_V_>______
__
‘rfu;
__
.
1
“._$‘__.
v
‘_
‘
.&__‘__'
*
_
_%
_
g
_”____¢A____
:_’_:____~
x
‘__‘__—.}_
M_
L
3
____‘f
_
_‘___
n
L
F
M
____‘__uv___u__,F__5
__wl__L“___
_
_*_
_‘n_v_
I
___
_
:__;__
__
1‘:
V
_
i
at_;_“___?___J__'_?H_
_
g
__;__~_h_
__:__F“._“__.\V*5?%.fl'%‘.l3r‘__%____&?‘$‘_1$v.a'T_3
“___
'__}_“"
_:__."q
.J_'“_‘q”'___\‘__‘_m_V_"'_.__.___
0
H
__>
_‘
_
'1
V
_
Q‘
_
__
m_j%__h'1§__Mm"g_
g
_’_
Hg
My
_
I
Wm;
2:
.
_
‘_
__
__
__
__
‘
_
_
__
v_
_
__
_
_
__
_
\
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
\
-
8 June 1988
The following Interrogation HRE training
officers to countries in Latin America:
16-27 March 1987 two GB officers
t
16 Apr—4 Hay 84
3—l1 Nov 83
10-26
25 Jul
Nov 82
r
March 1987 tHO GB officers (HRE)
two GB officers (HRE)
one GB officer (as part
the HRF program)
Oct 84 three GB officers (HRE)
—
12 Aug 83 three GB officers (HRE)
two GB officers complet
site survey for HRE as
of the HRF program
4
DECL OADR
DRV HUM 4-82
ct BY
ALL secasr
s
:5’f'E
r
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
was provided by SAS/SOG/GB
ded
possibly
of
eda
part
.!
“'
s
zaiiffs
r
i
team
4
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
_
__ \ JUL] 1:04
INTERROGATION TEXT REVISIONS
Page
Revision/Change
A-2
Under D, last line, add the following:
"We will discuss coercive techniques
that have been used by many, and the
- reasons why we are against the use of
these techniques".
A-6
Bottom of page: L. Change Bonafides
to read "Verification";
B-3
Top of page: Ensure that the Instructor
defines Liaison;
I-8
Bottom of page: Delem 7) Physical Violence;
K-1
Include in the introduction to Coercive
Techniques:
.
We will discuss some of those coercive
techniques that have been used by many, and
the reasons why we are against the use of
these techniques.
_
We do not use these techniques, nor do
we condone the use of them.
Add the attached disclaimer, “Prohibition Against the Use
of-Force", to the introduction. Reiterate when discussing
Non-Coercive and Coercive techniques. Ensure that the students
understand our position.
Q
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
TABLE
SUBJECT
Introduction
Liaison Relationships
_
Advantages of Horking with Li
Disadvantages of Working nith
Interpreters
Selection
Sources
Use of Interpreters
~Selection of Personnel as Interrog
Personality Characteristics
Special Skills & Abilities
Training_
.
a
Y
Design and Hanagement of a Facilit
Security Considerations
Cell Block Planning
The Interrogation Room
Training of Facility Personne
Training of Internal Guards
Arrest and Handling of Subjects
Screening of Subjects
Priorities
_
Intelligence Categories
Personality Categories
Planning the Interrogation
Conducting the Interrogation
Hon-Coercive Techniques
Coercive Techniques
Checklist for the Interrogation
Reporting
NOTE:
Letter and digit(s) in left margin
OF CONTENTS
SECTION/PAGE
aison
l
Liaison
tors
are slide numbers
A-l
B-1
®®
Jib.)
C-1
(")(“)C1('7
@\lU\L~J
0-1
OCJ AP-
E—1
FT‘l!'7'\fT1f7‘lf‘|'\
I—‘\D-#(.~J|'\)
F-1
G-1
(D5353
U\UJ!\)
H-1
I-1
J—l
K-1
L-1
H—l
C)
No slides
No slides
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
PROHIBITION AGAINST USE OF FORCE
The use of force, mental torture, threats, insults, or
exposure to unpleasant and inhumane treatment of any kind as
an aid to interrogation is prohibited by law, both internatiqnal
and domestic; it is neither authorized nor condoned. The
\
intgrrogator must never take advantage of the source's weaknesses
to the extent that the interrogation involves threats, insults,
torture or exposure to unpleasant or inhumane treatment of any
kind. Experience indicates that the use of force is not necessary
to gain cooperation of sources. Use of force is a poor technique,
yields unreliable results, may damage subsequent collection
efforts, and can induce the source to say what he thinks the
interrogator wants to hear. Additionally, the use of force will
probably result in adverse publicity and/or legal action against
the interrogator (et. al) when the source is released. However,
the use of force is not to be confused with psychological ploys,
verbal trickery, or other nonviolent and non—coercive ruses
an
employed by the interrogator in the successful interrogation of
reticent or uncooperative sources.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107393
INTRODUCTION
.__-.-.--.-.-__-.-_
—
"'__-__.__.____--_
OPENING REMARKS
--.-.-_-_.--._.--.-.-._
_
A. THERE IS NOTHING MYSTERIOUS ABOUT
“QUE5TIONING“.
IT 1S NO MORE THAN OBTAINING NEEDED INFORMATION FROM
SUBJECTS.
THESE MAY SE PRISONERS OF uAR. DEFECTDRS.
REFUGEES,
ILLEGAL
IMMIGRANTS, AGENTS OR SUSPECTED
INTELLIGENCE
AGENTS ATTEMPTING TO OPERATE IN YOUR
COUNTRY.
-
8. THE ART OF
“QUESTIONING“ HAS BECOME
CONTROVERSIAL
IN MANY PARTS OF THE WORLD. THIS IS BECAUSE IN
MANY’
COUNTRIES,
THE TERM
"OUESTIONING" HAS BEEN IDENTIFIED
WITH THE USE OF TORTURE TO OBTAIN
INFORMATION.
1
¢
EVERY MANUAL
1 HAVE READ ON
"QUESTIONING" STATES THAT
INFORMATION
OBTAINED FROM A SUEJECT UNDER TORTURE IS
NOT RELIABLE.
THAT THE SUBJECT urLL SAY wHATEvER_HE
THINKS YOU WANT T0 HEAR JUST T0 AVOID FURTHER
PUNISHMENT.
'.
DURING THE BATTLE OF ALGIERS. THE FRENCH ARMY USED
TORTURE TO NEUTRALIZE
A TERRORIST GROUP WITHINA
MATTER OF MONTHS.
UNFORTUNATELY.
ALONG WITH THE
HUNDREDS OF TERRORISTS
THAT WERE ARRESTED AND
TORTURED. SO WERE HUNDREDS OF INNOCENT CIVILIANS.
SOCIETY SIMPLY WILL NOT CONDONE THIS.
\
A-I
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107393
I
I
I
1
I
\
I
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
I
C. THE ROUTINE USE OF TORTURE LOWERS THE NORAL
.
CALIBER OF THE ORGANIZATION THAT USES IT AND CORRUPTS
THOSE THAT RELY ON IT AS THE QUICK AND EASY WAY OUT.
NE STRONGLY DISAGREE WITH THIS APPROACH AND INSTEAD
EHPHASIZE THE USE-OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES DESIGNED
TO PERSUADE THE SUBJECT TO WANT TO FURNISH US WITH THE
-
INFORMATION WE DESIRE.
D.
I
SUCCESSFUL “QUESTIONING“ IS BASED UPONA
KNOWLEDGE OF THE SUBJECT MATTER AND UPON THE USE OF
PSYCHOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES WHICH ARE NOT DIFFICULT TO
UNDERSTAND. NE WILL BE DISCUSSING TWO TYPES OF
TECHNIQUES, coeacxve mm NC/N—COERCI\/E. WHILE we as
D<€P-1_oR E
-
.
THE use OF coeaczve TECHNIQUES, we no wmwr
. 50 THAT \/(Ag may /H/ow;
TO rmxs YOU Al»/ARE OF mam
L
THEM.
'
_
E. PSYCHOLOGISTS HAVE CONDUCTED CONSIDERABLE
RESEARCH IN MANY AREAS THAT ARE CLOSELY RELATED.TO
COERCIVE “QUESTIONING“. DURING THIS COURSE HE QILL
DISCUSS THE FOLLOWING TOPICS AS THEY RELATE TO
“QUESTIONING":
1. REACTIONS.TO PAIN AND FEAR.
2. THE EFFECTS OF DEBILITY AND ISOLATION.
3. HYPNOSIS AND NARCOSIS
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
-L
II.
\
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
-
\
keep in mind "turn around" here!
F. WHAT WE ARE EHPHASIZING THROUGHOUT THIS COURSE IS
THAT “QUESTIONING“ IS A CONPLICATED PROCESS INVOLVING
THE INTERACTION OF TWO PERSONALITIES —
THAT OF THE
OUESTIONER AND THAT OF THE SUBJECT. IT MUST BE WELL-
PLANNED -
FROH THE TIME THE SUBJECT IS ARRESTED
THROUGH THE QUESTIOING PROCESS TO THE FINA
DISPOSITION OF THE SUBJECT.
ADMINISTRATIVE DETAILS
A. SCHEDULE AND.HOURS
'
1. TWO-WEEKS ori LECTURE-IS_ IN THE CLASSROOM
2. ONE OR TWO WEEKS OF PRACTICAL WORK WITH
PRISONERS, AT WHICH TIME THE CLASS WILL BE
DIVIDED INTO 3 OR 4_NAN TEAMS.
'
8. SCOPE OF INSTRUCTION
1. THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE
2. LIAISON RELATIONSHIPS
3. USE OF INTERPRETERS
4. SELECTION OF “QUESTIONERS'
S. DESIGN & MANAGEMENT O A FACILITY
6. ARREST & HANDLING OF SUBJECTS
7; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESHENT OF SUBJECTS
e. PRINCIPLES FOR PLANNING z. CONDUCTING THE
“QUESTIONING“
9. NON—COERCIVE “QUESTIONING“ TECHNIQUES
~*-
10. COERCIVE "QUESTIONING" "recuuruues /7/V0 WHC
‘(H2)’ Sf/0u1.l> No?‘ <32 LzSE‘.l>-
11. REPORT WRITING
l
C
A—3
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
A-
A_.
4
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
0 .
_ ‘
c. sruoeur QUESTIONS
OR C0flENTS
_,.-.-.__-._---—__.___.
_
-_-.---—.-_--¢-_.-._-.-
FEEL FREE TO nAKE conmeurs, RELATE PERSONAL
O
"
EXPERIENCES, OR nsx QUESTIONS AT ANY TIHE ouaxus
THE COURSE.
OCCASIONALLY HE HAY ONLY GIVE YOUA
BRIEF ANSWER BECAUSE SOME TOPICS HILL BE MORE
FULLY COVERED DURING A LATER CLASS-
D. USE OF VIDEO CAMERA
WE WILL HE VIDEO RECORDING PORTIONS OF YOUR
PRACTICAL EXCERCISES. THE VIDEO NOT ONLY ALLOWS
YOU TO REVIEW YOUR QUESTIONING TECHNIQUES BUT
ALSO TO STUDY THE REACTIONS OF THE SUBJECTS
DURING THE QUESTIONING.
DEFINITIONS
TO INSURE THAT WE ALL UNDERSTAND THE TERMS WHICH NE
WILL BE USING THROUGHOUT THE COURSE HERE ARE A FEW
O
DEFINITIONS:
A. INFORMATION
— RAW DATA WHICH IS OBTAINED FROMA
VARIETY OF SOURCES:
‘RUMORS. INFORNANTS. PRISONERS,
ETC. IT HAY BE ACCURATE OR INACCURATE. ‘
B. INTELLIGENCE
— THE RESULT OF AN ANALYSIS OF ALL
THE INFORHATION OBTAINED CONCERNING A GIVEN SUBJECT.
Q
A-4
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
A-4
A-S
A—6
Q
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Q,
“QUE5T1QN1N6"
- OBTAINING INFORMATION BY DIRECT
QUESTIONING OF A PERSON UNDER CONDITIONS FULLY OR
PARTIALLY CONTROLLED BY THE “QUESTIONER“. OR BELIEVED
BY THAT PERSON TO BE UNDER THE “OUESTIONER'S“ CONTROL.
“QUESTIONING" IS USUALLY RESERVED FOR SUBJECTS WHO ARE
SUSPECT,
RESISTANT OR BOTH.
D.
“QUESTIONER“
— A PERSON TRAINED AND EXPERIENCED
IN THE ART OF EXTRACTING INFORMATION FROM A SUBJECT IN
RESPONSE TO EXPLICIT
REQUIREMENTS. THE SUBJECT MAY BE
EITHER
COOPERATIVE OR RESISTANT.
E.
"OUESTIONING“ FACILITY
-
A BUILDING OR SERIES OF
BUILDINGS DESIGNED TO ENHANCE DETENTION AND
"QUESTIONING“ OF SUBJECTS WITH A VIEW TOWARD OBTAINING
MAXIMUM
COOPERATION. THIS WILL INCLUDE
ENVIRONMENTAL.
PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTROLS.
F. INTERVIEW
— OBTAINING INFORMATION. NOT USUALLY
UNDER CONTROLLED
CONDITIONS. BY OUESTIONING A PERSON
WHO IS AWARE OF THE NATURE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF HIS
ANSWERS BUT NOT AWARE OF THE SPECIFIC PURPOSE OF THE
INTERVIEWER.
G. DEBRIEFING
— OBTAINING INFORMATION BY QUESTIONING
A CONTROLLED. AND SOMETIMES WITTING. SUBJECT WHO IS
NORMALLY WILLING TO PROVIDE THE DESIRED INFORMATION.
'
A-S
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
A—8
A-9
A-1.0
A—ll
A-12
A-L3
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
'
H. ELICITATION
— OBTAINING INFORMATION WITH0ur
REVEALING THE INTENT OR EXCEPTIONAL INTEREST OF THE
QUESTIONER, THROUGH A VERBAL OR WRITTEN EXCHANGE WITH
A SUBJECT WHO MAY OR MAY NOT BE WILLING TO PROVIDE IT
IF HE KNEW THE TRUE PURPOSE.
'
I. CONTROL. -
THE CAPACITY TO CAUSE OR CHANGE CERTAIN
TYPES OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR BY IMPLYING OR USING PHYSICAL
OR PSYCHOLOGICAL MEANS TO INDUCE COMPLIANCE.
COMPLIANCE MAY BE VOLUNTARY OR INVOLUNTARY.
CONTROL CAN RARELY BE ESTABLISHED WITHOUT CONTROL OF
THE ENVIRONMENT. BY CONTROLLING THE SUBJECT'S
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, WE HILL. BE ABLE TO CONTROL HIS
PSYCHOLOGICAL STATE OF MIND.
J. REQUIREMENTS —
THE WRITTEN DETAILED DEMAND FROM
'
4
.
.
VARIOUS CUSTOMER AGENCIES FOR SPECIFIC INFORMATION OR
FOR SROTTING OF POTENTIAL ASSETS.
K. SUBJECT —
A PERSON BELIEVED TO POSSESS
INFORMATION OF VALUE TO THE SERVICE OUESTIONING HIM.
L. BONAFIDES -
EVIDENCE OR RELIABLE INFORMATION
REGARDING A SUE*JECT"S
IDENTITY. PERSONAL
HISTORY, AND
INTENTIONS OF GOOD FAITH.
-
M. SCREENING -
THE PRELIMINARY INTERVIEHING OFA
SUBJECT TO OBTAIN BIOGRAPHIC AND OTHER BACKGROUND
INFORMATION.
A-6
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
A—l4
A-15
A—l6
A—l6
A—l6
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
N. ASSESSMENT
— THE ANALYSIS OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL
AND BIOGRAPHICAL DATA ABOUT A SUBJECT FOR THE PURPOSE
OF MAKING AN APPRAISAL. THE SPECIFIC TECHNIQUES WHICH
WILL BE USED DURING THE "QUESTIONING" WILL DEFEND UPON
THE ASSESSMENT.
THE CYCLE OF INTELLIGENCE
THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE CONSISTS OF FOUR PHASES AND CAN
BE REPRESENTED AS A CIRCLE BECAUSE IT HAS NO BEGINNING
OR END.
A. REQUIREMENTS
THE DEMAND FOR CERTAIN TYPES OF INFORMATION
ESTABLISHES PURPOSE AND DIRECTION FOR CONDUCTING
THE "OUESTIONING'. THERE ARE THO TYPES OF
REQUIREMENTS:
'
1. STANDING REQUIREMENTS
— e.q. INFORMATION
CONCERNING THREATS AGAINST GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS,
SURVERSIVE GROUPS. TERRORIST ACTIONS, ARMED
ATTACK.
2. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
— e.q. INFORMATION
CONCERNING A TOPIC ABOUT WHICH A SUBJECT HAS
SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE, SUCH AS SCIENTIFIC OR
TECHNICAL LNOHLEDGE.
A-7
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
I
A
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
_l7
a. COLLECTION
THIS IS WHERE “QUESTIONING“ FITS INTO THE CYCLE.
A-18 COLLECTION ALSO INCLUDES OTHER SOURCES SUCH AS;
RESEARCH. BOOKS AND MAGAZINES. PICTURES,
NEWSPAPERS, ETC. COLLECTION ONLY PRODUCES
INFORMATION, NOT INTELLIGENCE.
A_l9
c. PROCESSING
.__..-----_..-_-¢-
IN ORDER TO BE PROCESSED, THE INFORMATION MUST BE
A—2O
ACCURATELY RECORDED. THEN IT MUST BE EVALUATED
A—2l
a
A-22
D.
4
AS TO ITS RELEVANCE TO THE REQUIREMENTS AND THE
RELIABILITY OF THE SOURCE. LASTLY IT MUST BE
ANALYZED TO DETERMINE ITS SIGNIFICANCE WITH
RESPECT TO OTHER INFORMATION ABOUT THE SAME TOPIC.
DISSEMINATION
THE PROCESSED INFORMATION IS NOW INTELLIGENCE AND
MUST BE DISSEMINATED IN A TIMELY MANER TO SOMEONE
WHO CAN ACT UPON IT. THE INTELLIGENCE
REPORT’
WHICH IS DISSEMINATED MILL THEN GENERATE
REQUIREMENTS FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND THE
CYCLE BEGINS ALL OVER AGAIN.
A~8
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
‘
1
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
_
l_m1<_=,0~ RELATIONSHIPS
80 _._.-...¢.-.-¢_==_-._____._.-___._.=.___._.-._._.
-..._...----—
——___-_
LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS
THE LEGALITY OF DETAINING AND "OUESTIONING" A SUBJECT,
AND OF THE METHODS EMPLOYED. IS DETERMINED BY THE LAWS
OF THE COUNTRY IN WHICH IT IS DONE. IT I3 THEREFORE
IMPORTANT THAT ALL “QUESTIONERS“ AND THEIR SUPERVISORS
BE FULLY AND ACCURATELY INFORMED ABOUT THE APPLICABLE
LOCAL LAWS.
DO NOT ASSUME THAT ALL MEMBERS OF A LIAISON SERVICE
KNOW THE PERTINENT STATUTES. IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT
COPIES OR LEGAL EXTRACTS OF ALL APPLICABLE LAWS BE
KEPT IN A SEPARATE FILE AND THAT ALL “OUESTIONERS“
REREAD.THE FILE PERIODICALLY.
'
IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE “QUESTIONER“ TO BE
SURE THAT THE "OUESTIONING" IS LEGAL. WHETHER IT IS
CONDUCTED UNILATERALLY OR JOINTLY. A JOINT ILLEGAL
“OUESTIONING" MAY LATER EMBARRASS BOTH SERVICES AND
LEAD TO RECRIMINATIONS AND STRAINED RELATIONS BETWEEN
THEM.
K‘\
.\\
8-.
1
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
t
\
I
4
T B
\
I
I:
1
I
‘L
‘v-.
(
I
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
--*1
-
DETENTION POSES THE MOST COMMON OF THE LEGAL PROBLEMS.
DETENTION IN A CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT AND PERHAPS FOR
A LENGTHY PERIOD IS FREQUENTLY ESSENTIAL TOA
SUCCESSFUL "QUESTIONING“ OF A RESISTANT SUBJECT. SOME
SECURITY SERVICES MAY WORK-AT THEIR LEISURE, RELYING
'
UPON TIME AS WELL AS METHODS TO MELT RESISTANCE. ,THE
CHOICE OF METHODS_DEPENDS IN LARGE PART UPON HOW LONG:
THE SUBJECT CAN BE LEGALLY DETAINED.
-
‘
_
. -
FACTORS RELATING TO THE LEGALITY OF THE “QUESTIONING':
A. DOES SERVICE HAVE LAW ENFORCEMENT POWERS?
B. DOES SERVICE HAVE AUTHORITY TO OPERATE IN HOME
COUNTRY?
-
-
‘
C. DOES “QUESTIONING" OF CITIZENS REQUIRE SPECIAL
APPROVAL?
'
D. ILLEGAL DETENTION ALWAYS REQUIRES PRIOR HQS
APPROVAL.
E. COERCIVE TECHNIQUES
-
_ Nb
CON$'TI’/"c\7€/ /7/V /mflzcfk‘ 2'?’
A‘
v;<>1_A"r1‘;__, Fo1.2C.Y.
-
‘
2
8-2
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
B-6
B—6
5-7
B-8
B-9
B-10
II.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
ADVANTAGES OF WORKING HITH LIAISON
A. HAS THE LEGAL ATHORITY TO DETAIN AND "QUESTION".
8. CAN PROVIDE NECESSARY DETENTION FACILITIES.
C. HAS THE ABILITY TO FOLLOW UP ON OPERATIONAL LEADS.
D. CAN PROVIDE SUPPORT PERSONNEL SUCH AS: GUARDS,
DRIVERS, INTERPRETERS, MEDICAL AND HOUSEKEEPING
PERSONNEL.
E. CAN PROVIDE EASY ACCESS TO LIAISON FILES.
~
TO VERIFY INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM THE SUBJECT
~
TO PROVIDE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION‘YOU MAY NOT
HAVE-(e.g. GIVE US A NAME AND D.O.B. AND HE CAN
PROVIDE YOU WITH A COMPUTERIZED PERSONAL HISTORY
OF THE SUBJECT).
IT IS ALSO IMPORTANT TO MAINTAIN LIAISON WITH OTHER
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES WITHIN YOUR OWN COUNTRY. FOR
EXAMPLE, IN THE U.S. EACH STATE AND FEDERAL LAN
ENFORCEMENT AGENCY HAS ITS OWN COMPUTERIZED DATA BASE.
4
EACH AGENCY SHARES ITS INFORMATION WITH ALL THE OTHERS
BY CONNECTING TO A CENTRALIZED COMPUTER. FROM ONE
TERMINAL IN OUR OFFICE WE CAN ACCESS N.C.I.C.;
T.C.I.C., T.E.'c.s.. N.L.E.T.S.. arc.
B-3
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
—___.-.-~...
_
.-
!
i
i
8—ll
B-11
B-12
B-13
B-14
B~l5
B—l5
B-17
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
III. DISADVANTAGES OF WORKING WITH LIAISON
.A. LACK OFONDERSTANDING OF THE vnuue OF
“QUESTIONING“ IN THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE. .
B. LACK OF TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE IN
“QUESTION$%E;;I:::::_‘
TECHNIQUES.
-
'
'
-
'
,qs.é».r7‘"‘~’¢"5*
g@‘ss~s/1_4_gj/‘/
01- ¢/flv,/f£L&;T°,_' 75‘-V"_N
_-7-Q1"-J/;,_;Ȣ,;
.
1;. AND COERCIVE TECHNIQUES‘. 9“§f,l"'Q'!!*/6
A
...1-F‘ IT /S
L2./H?Na¢>
_
D. _CORRUPTION WITHIN THE LIAISON SERVICE._
'
‘fdfl'F
E. HOSTILE PENETRATION OF THE LIAISON SERVICE.
F. TENDENCY TO HITHHOLD INFORMATION OR SOURCES.
Q
L1“/1 -<:;>~
-
k$2L$,
G. LIMITATIONS IHPOSED ON COOPERATION FOR POLITICAL
Rggg N3_
4
‘D,@'2cT f,qgT‘/(_/PTIb4/
Q %R0H'6‘T|D~ 0
H
N 1_/A\'So/V ‘fl¢2_sT/owwe $l><(1-ZPT M1771‘ *0/VCR
|
=
'85‘ H'GH/I
ONE CAUTION ABOUT WORKING WITH ANOTHER SERVICE
SURE THAT THE OTHER SERVICE WILL MAINTAIN YOUR
SECURITY AND THAT OF THE SUBJECT.
.
8-4
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
L£vaL
+./(Q5
H FR? I-4L
C
C-l
C
1
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
-0
INTERPRETERS
Q
============
INTRODUCTION
THERE_NTEE_SE-MANY
OCCASIONS WHEN BORDER CROSSERS,
REFUGEES, PRISONERS OF WAR, SUSPECTED AGENTS, OR OTHER
POTENTIAL SUBJECTS FOR “QUESTIONING“ WILL NOT SPEAK
YOUR NATIVE LANGUAGE. THEREFORE. THE USE OF AN
INTERPRETER MAY BE ESSENTIAL TO SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETE
AN EXPLOITATION.
WHEN USED PROPERLY. AN INTERPRETER CAN BE YOUR KEY
ASSISTANT IN PERFORMING YOUR DUTIES AND A CONTROL TO
HELP YOU AVOID VIOLATING CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS.
HOWEVER, PLEASE KEEP IN MIND THAT THE USE“OF AN
INTERPRETER MUST NEVER BE CONSIDERED A SATISFACTORY
SUBSTITUTE FOR DIRECT COMMUNICATION BETWEEN YOU AND
THE SUBJECT.
DIFFICULTIES & LIMITATIONS
-
A; THE AMOUNT OF TIME REQUIRED TO CONDUCT THE
"OUESTIONING“ MILL MORE THAN DOUBLE.
1
B. YOU WILL EXPERIENCE CONSIDERABLE DIFFICULTY IN
TRYING TO ESTABLISH RAPPORT WITH THE SUBJECT BECAUSE
OF THE LACK OF PERSONAL CONTACT, THAT IS, NOT BEING
ABLE TO SPEAK DIRECTLY TO THE INDIVIDUAL. -
C—
I
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
c. 11 xs EXTREMELY DIFFICULT T0 use csarnm
°‘QUESTIONING“ TECHNIQUES, SUCH AS RAPID FIRE
ouesrromus, wuss: usms AN INTERPRETER.
D. CERTAIN HEANINGS, TONAL INFLECTIONS, AND
EXPRESSIONS ARE ALHOST IMPOSSIBLE TO CONVEY TO THE
SUBJECT THROUGH AN INTERPRETER. THIS INCREASES THE
POSSIBILITY OF HISUNDERSTANDINGS.
E. THE PRESENCE OF AN INTERPRETER HAY CAUSE AN
OTHERWISE COOPERATIVE SUBJECT TO WITHHOLD.INFORflATION
DURING THE “DUESTIONING'. SOME SUBJECTS ARE WILLING
TO GIVE INFORHATION ONLY IF THEY CAN BE SURE THAT
~-
THEIR OWN FORCES HILL NOT FIND OUT THAT-THEY TALKED,
THAT THERE WILL BE NO RETRIBUTION. THE PRESENCE OF
ANY THIRD PARTY AT THE “QUESTIONING", EVEN AN
INTERPRETER, HAY CAUSE THE SUBJECT TO DOUBT THIS
ASSURANCE.
F. THERE IS A SECURITY RISK POSED BECAUSE THE
INTERPRETER IS JUST ONE MORE INDIVIDUAL TO BECOME
<
_
AWARE OF INTELLIGENCE REQUIREMENTS, AND HE WILL OBTAIN
CONSIDERABLE INFORMATION OF A CLASSIFIED NATURE DURING
THE COURSE OF THE "QUESTIONING".
1
[
T/V0 C-.2
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Q
III.
8 8.
C-9 C.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
SELECTION OF INTERPRETERS
FROM A SECURITY STANDPOINT, INTERPRETERS SHOULD BE
SELECTED FROM YOUR OWN SERVICES, OR AT LEAST YOUR
NATIONALITY, IF AT ALL POSSIBLE. IN SOME INSTANCES,
HOWEVER, IT WILL BE NECESSARY TO HIRE OR USE
FOREIGNERS FOR THIS PURPOSE. LET'S DISCUSS SOME OF
THE FACTORS WHICH MUST BE CONSIDERED WHEN SELECTING AN
INTERPRETER.
A . secumfv CLEARANCE
IT IS IMPORTANT THAT AN INTERPRETER HAVE
A
SECURITY CLEARANCE BECAUSE OF THE OPPOSITION'S
CONTINUED EFFORTS TO PENETRATE YOUR ORGANIZATION
AND LEARN YOUR INTELLIGENCE REQUIREMENTS.
LANGUAGE CAPABILITY .
HE SHOULD BE COMPLETELY FLUENT IN YOUR LANGUAGE
AS WELL AS THE LANGUAGE OF THE SUBJECT. THIS IS
VERY IMPORTANT IN BOTH SPEAKING THESE LANGUAGES
AND WRITING THEM.
PERSONALITY
NHENEVER POSSIBLE. THE PERSONALITY OF THE
INTERPRETER SHOULD HE THE SAME OR NEARLY THE SAME
AS YOURS. THIS WILL OFTEN COME ABOUT AS THE TWO
OF YOU HORK TOGETHER MORE AND MORE OFTEN. IF
THERE ARE SERIOUS PERSONALITY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
THE THO OF YOU. YOU SHOULD GET ANOTHER
INTERPRETER.
I
f‘-TI
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
C-10
Approved for Release: 2023/00/2s 000107398
"THE INTERPRETER SHOULD BE ABLE TO ADJUST HIS
PERSONALITY TO THAT OF THE SUBJECT, AND TO THE
"QUESTIONING' TECHNIQUES BEING USED.
SOCIAL STATUS
THIS IS ALWAYS A CONSIDERATION IN THOSE COUNTRIES
IN WHICH SOCIAL STATUS EXISTS. IN A LIAISON
SITUATION BE SURE THE INTERPRETER HAS THE SOCIAL
STATURE FOR CONTACT WITH THE OFFICIALS WITH WHOM
HE WILL BE TACKING.
DURING THE “QUESTIONING‘ O A SUBJECT IN WHICHA
DIFFERENCE OF CLASSES HAY EXIST BETWEEN THE
,.a‘
SUBJECT AND THE INTERPRETER, YOU NUST HAKE IT
CLEAR TO THE SUBJECT THAT THE CONVERSATION IS
STRICTLY aETuEEN THE Two OF vou, THAT THE.
INTERPRETER IS SIMPLY A DEVICE FOR CONVERTING THE
LANGUAGE.
'
IN CERTAIN SOCIETIES WOMEN ARE OFTEN VIEWED AS
HAVING INFERIOR SOCIAL STATUS AND USING A FEMALE
INTERPRETER HAY NOT BE ADVISABLE IN CASES WHEREA
HAN IS BEING “OUESTIONED'.
THE CHANGE IN TONAL INFLECTIONS AS A FEMALE.
INTERPRETS THE QUESTIONS OF A HALE “QUESTIONER“
CAUSES THE EFFECT TO BE LOSS DURING TRANSLATIO.
ACCORDING TO PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS, HEN AND WOHEN
BOTH RESPOND BETTER T0 OUESTIONING av A HALE.
I
F‘ -A
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
C-1.1
C-12
C-12
Slide
C-15
C—1.2
¢\
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
soueces OF INTERPRETER5
1. HOST SECURITY SERVICES ALREADY HAVE EXISTING;
INTERPRETER POOLS FRCH WHICH YOU CAN SELECT
SOMEONE WHO MEETS YOUR REQUIREMENTS.
_
-\_ -
-.
“'
1
‘.49.. -‘.-|\..
1'. 7'..T ". "v "V-/1"
-'-“' " '
2.
I
,
1
l
I 4' '-\ 1,“;
I-)4<'. _- 1
'
I ' .' _’
N0 LONGER HAS A NEED FOR
~1 ~_.
-:‘
~
,1..
--:--..-,.- ___
HIM.
‘]-.3'.‘.L _f";:L--
pnQiHiii|nE£é£iiII~
-> '._ 1:
- YOU FULLY UNDERSTAND WHY THE
OTHER OFFICER IS WILLING TO RELEASE HIM.
.
I) 3. l__
— AND THE OTHER OFFICER UNDERSTAND
THAT THERE ARE TO E*E NO RESIDUAL RELATIONSHIPS
BETWEEN THEN.
W
I
.
/_, .1 vi )'.L_——
—- NO TWO OFFICERS WILL USE AN
1)
_ §_
_
INTERPRETER IN EXACTLY THE SAME FASHION.
"4 L- _
y\\4\\
YOU PLAN TO CHANGE ANY OF HIS
HABITS WHICH YOU CONSIDER UNDESIREABLE.
-
4 .
3. IT HAY BE NECESSARY TO USE AN INTERPRETER
FROH A SOURCE OUTSIDE YOUR OWN SERVICE.
EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES ARE AN EXCELLENT SOURCE
FOR NEW TALENT.
C-5
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
\
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
c-13
F. sew:-zam.
sussesnous
C-L4
C-14
C-14
C-I4
C-14
—._.-.---.-.-.-.-_.-.---.-..-¢--
1. WAIT UNTIL YOU HAVE SEVERAL LEADS BEFORE
INTERVIEWING
ANY CANDIDATES.
2.
INTERVIEW ALL SERIOUS
CANDIDATES.
3. RUN TRACES ON ALL CANDIDATES,
THROUGH BOTH
YOUR OWN AND LIAISON SERVICES.
4. REVIEW ALL PERSONNEL FILES
THOROUGHLY ON
EACH CANDIDATE, INCLUDING ANY PERFORMANCE REPORTS
5. LAY OUT ALL GROUND RULES AT THE TIME OF
RECRUITNENT. BE SURE HE UNDERSTANDS ALL
CONDITIONS OF EHPLOYHENT, SUCH
AS SALARY AND
BENEFITS, AND WHAT HE WILL OR WILL NOT BE
ENTITLED TO.
_f
.
?<->2
\
\
\
C-L4
C-L4
0
b.
INSOFAR AS POSSIELE,'HAVE
ALL UNDERSTANDINGS
IN WRITING.
-
7. BE ESPECIALLY
WATCHFUL FOR ATTEHPTS TO
PENETRATE YOUR OFFICE.
-
C-1.5
——————— -- Return to E. 2., 9.
C-5
Q
C-6
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
c-16 IV.
C-16
C-l7
C-18
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
TRAINING OF INTERPRETERS
A. ESTABLISH voua AUTHORITY AS soou AS POSSIBLE nun
as sues THE INTERPRETER UNDERSTANDS THE LIMITS or HIS
AUTHORITY. YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR INSTRUCTING THE
INTERPRETER IN HIS nuriss, THE STANDARDS OF CONDUCT
EXPECTED FROM HIH, THE TECHNIQUES TO BE USED DURING
“QUESTIONING“, AND ANY OTHER REQUIREMENTS WHICH YOU
CONSIDER NECESSARY.
B. DETERMINE HIS CURRENT LEVEL OF TRAINING AND
EXPERIENCE, NOTING ANY.UNDESIREA8LE CHARACTERISTICS OR
HABITS. NOTIFY HIH FIRHLY OF ANY CHARACTERISTICS YOU
WANT CHANGED AND HON TO DO IT.
IF POSSIBLE, HAVE A NEW INTERPRETER UNDERSTUDY
ONE WHO IS ALREADY PROFICIENT, OR AT LEAST;AFFORD HIH
THE OPPORTUNITY TO PRACTICE SKILLS LEARNED UNDER
SUPERVISION.
C. ACCURACY OF TRANSLATIONS SHOULD BE STRESSED. HE
MUST REALIZE THAT IF HE DOES NOT UNDERSTAND WHAT YOU
ARE TRYING TO SAY, HE SHOULD NOT TRY TO FAKE IT. BUT
SHOULD FIRST DISCUSS IT WITH YOU BEFORE INTERPRETING.
HE SHOULD as nnoe T0 UNDERSTAND THAT HE IS YOUR
“RIGHT HAND" OR “HOUTHPIECE" AND IS INDISPENSIBLE T0
THE “QUESTIONING“. HOWEVER, HE nusr as CAUTIONED NOT
T0 INTERJECT HIS owu IDEAS INTO THE “OUESTIONING“. HE
SHOULD TRANSLATE DIRECTLY ANY STATEMENTS MADE BY YOU
@
THE suaaecv.
C-7
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
C—l9
C—20
C-21
C-22
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
HE SHOULD AVOID SUCH EXPRESSIONS AS “HE WANTS TQ
KNOW IF YOU....“ OR “HE SAID TO TELL YOU THAT....“,
ETC.
D. PERIODIC TESTING AND EVALUATION OF THE
INTERPRETER SHOULD BE CONDUCTED THROUGH TAPES OR
WRITING. THIS SHOULD BE DONE WITHOUT HIS KNOHING THAT
HE IS BEING EVALUATED.
'
E. SPECIAL ATTENTION SHOULD BE GIVEN TO THE
DEVELOPMENT OF LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY IN THE TECHNICAL
FIELDS IN WHICH THE INTERPRETER WILL BE USED. THE USE
\
OF TECHNICAL TERMS WILL GREATLY INCREASE THE
COMPLEXITY OF THE QUESTIONS ASKED AND ANSWERS GIVEN.
THEREFORE, THE INTERPRETER MUST UNDERSTAND THE SUBJECT
MATTER ALMOST AS WELL AS YOU DO.
F. MAKE IT CLEAR TO THE INTERPRETER THAT THE
QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF INFORMATION OBTAINED DURING
THE “QUESTIONING“ HILL DEPEND UPON HIS ABILITY AS AN
INTERPRETER.
_
USE OF INTERPRETERS
__.-----_-_......__._..._....,[email protected]
THE PROCEDURES TO BE USED DURING
“QUESTIONING“ MUST SE
ADAPTED TO THE USE OF AN INTERPRETER. SOME OF THESE
ADAPTATIONS NEED ONLY BE CONSIDERED THE FIRST TIME YOU
USE A PARTICULAR INTERPRETER. THEY DO NOT NEED TO BE
RECONSIDERED IF THE TWO OF YOU CONSTANTLY WORK
TOGETHER AS A TEAM.
C-8
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
(
c-22 ~
c-23
‘I
Approved roE"Féé|é'§§é'i*2023/06/28 000107398
- Kc-¢~
-"§._~
.
PLANNING AND PREPARATION
ALWAYS THOROUGHLY BRIEF THE INTERPRETER ON ANY
AND ALL INFORHATION AVAILABLE REGARDING THE
SUBJECT AND THE OBJECTIVES OF THE “OUESTIONING“.
PRIOR TO THE START OF THE “QUESTIONING", THE
INTERPRETER SHOULD BE GIVEN THE OPPORTUNITY TO
CONDUCT ANY NECESSARY RESEARCH CONCERNING
TECHNICAL OR PROFESSIONAL reams TO as useo ouaxus
THE “QUE5TIONING'._ 1~ some cases IT HILL as
0
-
NECESSARY FOR YOU TO PROVIDE HIH WITH A PRECISE
DEFINITION OF THE TERHS YOU PLAN TO USE TO ENSURE
A CLEAR UNDERSTANDING BY THE INTERPRETER.
PHYSICAL ARRANGEMENTS
I
--l__.-‘--i¢_—--,1--—.——----.-1
INSTRUCT THE INTERPRETER ON THE PHYSICAL
ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE "QUESTIONING". HE SHOULD
SEE THE ACTUAL FACILITIES TO BE USED AND SHOULD
KNOW EXACTLY WHERE HIS PHYSICAL POSITION WILL BE
IN RELATION TO YOU AND THE SUBJECT. THE QOST
DESIREABLE ARRANGEMENT IS FOR YOU AND THE SUBJECT
TO FACE EACH OTHER ACROSS OPPOSITE SIDES OFA
TABLE WITH THE INTERPRETER LOCATED AT ONE END OF
4
THE TABLE.
'
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
C-24
C-24
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
HETHOD 0F INTERPRETATION
SELECT THE HETHoo OF INTERPRETATION To BE USED
DURING THE “QUESTIONING“, THAT IS, EITHER THE
ALTERNATE OR THE SIHULTANEDUS HETHOD. THIS
cH01cE SHOULD BE BASED UPON YOUR EVALUATION OF
THE INTERPRETER'S ABILITY AND PERSONAL
. 1
a
CHARACTERISTICS. EACH METHOD HAS CERTAIN
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF WHICH YOU SHOULD
BE AWARE.
ALTERNATE METHOD
IN THIS HETHOD, YOU SPEAK ENTIRE THOUGHTS,
SENTENCES, AND SOHETIHES EVEN“PARAGRAPHS, AND
THEN WAIT FOR THE INTERPRETER TO TRANSLATE ALL
THAT HAS BEEN SAID. THIS REQUIRES THE
INTERPRETER TO HAVE AN EXCEPTIONALLY GOOD HEHORY,%
BUT DOES ALLOW HIM TO REPHRASE STATEMENTS TO
ENSURE BETTER UNDERSTANDING IN THE SECOND
LANGUAGE. THIS IS IMPORTANT WHEN THE SENTENCE
STRUCTURE OF THE SUBJECT'S LANGUAGE DIFFERS FROM
THAT OF YOUR OWN LANGUAGE.
THE ALTERNATE HETHo0 HAs THE DISAOVANTAGE OF
HAKING THE lNTERPRETER'S PRESENCE HQRE EVIDENT OR
oavrous. THIS TENDS T0 BREAK oowu THE EYE-TO—EYE
CONTACT THAT 1s DESIRED BETWEEN YOU AND THE
SUBJECT.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
C-24
-
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
SINULTANEOUS
NETHOD
m THIS METHOD, THE INTERPRETER TRANSLATES voua
uor-‘<05 as YOU ARE SPEAKING, KEEPING
"UP urn-1 YOU AS
CLCISELY AS POSSIBLE, USUALLY ONLY A FEW uonos OR
A PHRASE BEHIND. THIS ALLOWS HIM TU NORE
ACCURATELY CONVEY THE EXACT HENTAL ATTITUDE AND
FINE SHADES OF MEANING WHICH YOU OR THE SUBJECT
ARE TRYING TO EXPRESS. BECAUSE THERE ARE NO LONG
PAUSES DURING_WHICH YOU OR THE SUBJECT ARE NOT
INVOLVED, THIS METHOD PROHOTES ATTENTIVE
LISTENING AND INCREASES THE RAPPORT BETWEEN YOU
AND THE SUBJECT.
'
THE SIHULTANEOUS METHOD HAS THE DISADVANTAGE OF
GREATER CHANCE OF ERROR DURING INTERPRETING,
ESPECIALLY UHERE THERE IS A DIFFERENCE IN
SENTENCE STRUCTURE BETWEEN THE TWO LANGUAGES. IT
ALSO REQUIRES A VERY HIGH DEGREE OF PROFICIENCY
IN BOTH LANGUAGES.
<
u
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
C-ZS
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
TECHNIQUES T0 ae usen
INSTRUCT THE
INTERPRETER ON THE MANNER IN WHICH
THE
"OUESTIONING“
IS TO TAKE PLACE AND TECHNIQUES
TO BE USED. IF POSSIBLE, YOU SHOULD PRACTICE
WITH HIM UNDER CONDITIONS AS CLOSE TO TH REAL
CONDITIONS
WHICH WILL EXIST DURING THE ACTUAL
‘OUESTIONING“.
‘
DURING YOUR INITIAL CONTACT WITH THE SUBJECT, YOU
SHOULD INFORM HIM AS TO THE ROLE THE INTERPRETER
WILL PLAY DURING THE “QUESTIONIN“, WHICH IS
SIMPLY TO GIVE AN ACCURATE
TRANSLATION OF
EVERYTHING SAID BETWEEN YOU AND THE SUBJECT.
AT THIS TIME, INSTRUCT THE SUBJECT TO SPEAK
DIRECTLY TO YOU
— NOT TO THE INTERPRETER, AND
WHILE SPEAKING, TO LOOK DIRECTLY AT YOU
— NOT AT
THE INTERPRETER.
INSTRUCT THE SUBJECT TO USE SIMPLE DIRECT
_
LANGUAGE AND TO AVOID USING PHRASES SUCH AS TTELL
HIM THAT....' OR
“I WOULD LIKE TO HAVE YOU'SAY
THAT....'
' '
C-12
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
C-26
if
VI.
<1
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
E. RECORDING AND REPORTING
THE INTERPRETER SHOUD ASSIST YOU IN PREPARING
THE RECORD AND REPORT OF THE "uuEsTzo~zHe~I THI3
WILL INSURE THAT THERE ans N0 MISUNDERSTANDINGS
OF WHAT THE SUBJECT HAS snzo n~o THAT YOU HAVE
ACCURATELY nsssssso HIS PSYCHOLOGICAL STATE OF
MIND. IF THERE ARE To as ADDITIONAL
“OUESTIONING' SESSIONS, YOU CAN NOW PROPERLY
TAILOR_YOUR TECHNIQUE TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE
SUBJECT‘S PSYCHOLOGICAL STATE.
SUMMARY
REMEMBER, YOUR INTERPRETER CAN SREEL THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN SUCCESS AND FAILURE. IF YOU MUST USE AN
INTERPRETER, USE HIM PROPERLY. CONSIDER THE
REQUIREMENTS. TAKE CARE IN SELECTION, TRAIN HIM WELL,
AND USE THE CORRECT TECHNIQUES.
WHEN USING AN INTERPRETER IN A CLASSROOM SITUATION IF
Y
THERE ARE TWO INSTRUCTORS, THE INTERPRETER MUST WORK
TWICE AS HARD. IF THERE ARE THREE INSTRUCTORS- THE
INTERPRETER MUST WORK THREE TIMES as HARD.
B
NO MATTER HOW BADLY THE INSTRUCTOR EXPRESSES HIMSELF.
THE INTERPRETER ALWAYS MAKES HIM SOUND GOOD.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
%-
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
~
D—U _
SELECTION
OF “QUESTIONERS'
I
D-l
D-2
D-3
O—4
I.
II.
GENERAL_
THE USE OF PROPERLY QUALIFIED AND THOROUGHLY TRAINED
“OUESTIONERS“ IS A FUNDANENTAL REQUIRENENT FDR THE
EFFICIENT
EXPLOITATION OF SUBJECTS WHO ARE POTENTIAL
SOURCES OF INTELLIGENCE INFORHATION.
QUALIFICATIONS OF CHIEF IMPORTANCE TO A “QUESTIONER“
A. ENOUGH OPERATIONAL TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE TO
PERMIT QUICK RECOGNITION OF LEADS.
B. FAHILIARITY WITH THE LANGUAGE'TO BE USED.
C. EXTENSIVE BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE
SU8JECT’S NATIVE COUNTRY (AND INTELLIGENCE SERVICE, IF
EMPLOYED BY ONE)
D. A GENUINE UNDERSTANDING OF THE SOURCE AS A PERSON
OF THE FOUR TRAITS LISTED, A GENUINE INSIGHT INTO THE
SUBJECT'S CHARACTER AND HOTIVES IS PERHAPS THE HOST
IMPORTANT.
-
III. PERSONALITY
CHARACTERISTICS OF A “DUESTIONER“
-..__.--a-_.-__._-__...__-_-..._-_-_-___._-.--__-_._-__.___-;f._—-—
THE
“QUESTIONER" SHOULD POSSESS SUITABLE PERSONALITY
_
CHARACTERISTICS
WHICH WILL ENABLE HIM TO GAIN THE
\
\
I
1
COOPERATION OF THE SUBJECT, SOME OF WHICH ARE LISTED
'
BELOW:
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
-5
~'z¢:’T' r10TxvATION= me ossass up A
"QuEST1ONER's~
SUCCESS IS DIRECTLY
RELATED To HIS DEGREE OF
‘,—r_
$'--’¢--=1C-'- .-\'; #1, w- '-\\¢~1
.'3~,_. ,\,~
MOTIVATION.
T
¢
Q
c_,.
\ '4,'v~- /*1- Ow
‘ ':‘v
HIS MENTAL ATTITUDE TO DOA
GOOD JOB IS FELT BY THE SUBJECT AND INCREASES CHANCES
OF COOPERATION.
-6 0.1%
ALERTNESS:
A
“OUESTIONER°‘ t1UST WATCH FOR ANY
INDICATON THAT THE SUBJECT IS WITHHOLDING ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION;
FOR ANY TENDENCY TO RESIST FURTHER
QUESTIONING,
FOR DIHINISHING
RESISTANCE, FOR
CONTRADICTIONS,
ETC.
é‘x'-Qua-:sT10~ER* nusr as CONSTANTLQ mamas OF "me
SHIFTING
ATTITUDES WHICH NORHALLY
CHARACTERIZEA
SUBJECT'S REACTION TO
“QUESTIONING". HE HUST NOTE THE
SUE*JECT’S EVERY GESTURE, WORD, AND VOICE INFLECTION
AND BE ABLE TO DETERNINE WHY THE SUBJECT IS INA
'
Ir
1.
'~;,
CERTAIN HOOD QR WHY HIS H000 SUDDENLY QIQNGED.Q
, :___
Tg~'_
'
'__|_‘
- .I"..'\
_-' '\_-‘:.{
-")—~,r,"' /‘L
I‘
' ‘ -
-
-. v,
Q
,
.'
'
_
-_ '._
,
L
.. . ,- >
,\- .
__
,. _:_
_._
_
_ A;
_-._ l
'-
'-\u":'-- >71/.-' ~-\-
-
-7 31* PATIENCE mm men A "OUESTIONER" DISPLAYING
I
PATIENCE AND mcr WILL as ABLE T0 CREATE AND HAINTAIN‘
'
r
A FAVORABLE ATMOSPHERE BETWEEN HIMSELF AND THE
SUBJECT. THE DISPLAY OF IHPATIENCE WILL ENCOURAGE THE
RESISTANT SUBJECT TO REHAIN UNRESFONSIVE EVEN LONGER.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
)-
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
0-3
9%~qZ
CREDIBILITY:
A
“QUESTIDNER“ musT MAINTAIN
u—9 4%
D-l0
D—1.l
1‘
al‘
CREDIBILITY wrru ins SUBJECT. FAILURE TO PR00uc5
MATERIAL REWARDS uusu PROMISED may ADVERSELY AFFECT
FUTURE I NTERV I ENS.
E.
OBJECTIVITY:
A “OUESTIONER" MUST HAVE THE
ABILITY TO MAINTAIN A DISPASSIONATE MENTAL ATTITUDE
REGARDLESS OF THE EMOTIONAL REACTIONS HE HAY ACTUALLY
EXPERIENCE OR MAY SIMULATE
DURING'THE
"OUESTIONING“.
in SELF CONTROL: A “QUESTIONER“ nusT HAQE AN
EXCEPTIONAL
oesaes OF SELF CONTROL T0 AVOID DISPLAYS
OF es~u1~s ANGER,
xaaxrnrxou, svmenrnv, UR wenazuess
WHICH MAY CAUSE HIM TO LOSE THE INITIATIVE DURING THE
"OUESTIONING"
.
'
U.
ADAPTABILITY:
A "QUESTIONER" MUST BE ABLE TO
ADAPT HIMSELF TO THE MANY AND \/ARIED
PERSONALITIES
WHICH HE MAY ENCOUNTER,
TO SMOOTHLY SHIFT HIS
TECHNIQUES AND APPROACHES DURING INTERVIEWS. HE MUST
ALSO BE ABLE TO ADAPT HIMSELF TO THE OPERATIONAL
ENVIRONMENT
WHICH OFTEN WILL REQUIRE HIM TO FUNCTION
UNDER A VARIETY OF UNFAVORABLE PHYSICAL
CONDITIONS.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
0-12
_
0-13_
III.
D-I4
Approved for Releaée: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Q, PERSERUERANCE:
PERSERVERANCE HAKES THE
DIFFERENCE gETuEEN A “OUESTIONER“ WHO IS HERELY GOOD
AND ONE WHO IS SUPERIOR. A “OUESTIONER“ WHO BEFOHES
EASILY DISCOURAGED BY OPPOSITION, NONCOOPERATION, AND
OTHER DIFFICULTIES, HILL NEITHER AGGRESSIVELY PURSUE
THE OBJECTIVE TO A SUCCESSFUL CONCLUSION NOR SEEK
LEADS TO OTHER VALUABLE INFORMATION.
gb,
APPEARANCE AND BEHAVIOR: A NEAT, ORGANIZED, AND
PROFESSIONAL APPEARANCE WILL FAVORABLY INFLUENCE THE
SUBJECT. A FIRM, DELIBERATE, AND'8USINESSLIKE HANNER
OF SPEECH AND ATTITUDE WILL CREATE THE PROPER
ENVIRONMENT FOR A SUCCESSFUL “OUESTIONING‘. IFA
“QUESTIONER’S“ PERSONAL HANNER REFLECTS.FAIRNESS,
STRENGTH, AND EFFICIENCY, THE SUBJECT HAY PROVE NORE
COOPERATIVE AND RECEPTIVE TO OUESTIONING.
SPECIAL SKILLS AND ABILITIES
A “QUESTIONER“ HUST POSSESS. OR ACOUIRE THROUGH
TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE, A NUMBER OF SPECIAL SKILLS
awn KNOWLEDGE.
"
A. WRITING AND SPEAKING ABILITY: “QUESTIONING' IS
NOT AN END IN ITSELF. ‘ITS FULL VALUE CAN ONLY BE
REALIZED WITH THE TIHELY DISSENINATION OF THE
INFORHATION OBTAINED. IN A FORM USAELE TO THE
APPROPRIATE AGENCIES. THEREFORE, A “OUESTIONER' HUST
BE ABLE TO PREPARE AND PRESENT WRITTEN/ORAL REPORTS IN
A CLEAR, COMPLETE. CONCISE, AND ACCURATE HANNER.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
D-15
D-16
D—l7
D—l7
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
~,.§I’
B. LINGUISTIC SKILL: ALTHOUGH A TRAINED
“QUESTIONER“ CAN SUCCESSFULLY WORK THROUGH AN
INTERPRETER. THE RESULTS OBTAINED BY A “QUESTIONER“
WHO IS FLUENT IN THE SUBJECT'S NATIVE LANGUAGE WILL BE
HORE TINELY AND COMPREHENSIVE. PROFICIENCY INA
FOREIGN LANGUAGE SHOULD INCLUDE A KNOWLEDGE OF
MILITARY TERMS. IDIOHS. ABBREVIATIONS, SLANG AND LOCAL
DIALECTS.
C. SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE: THE NATURE OF
EXPLOITATION REQUIRES THAT A “QUESTIONER“ HAVE
SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE:
1. KNOWLEDGE OF THE ORGANIZATION, METHODS OF
OPERATION. AND HISSION OF HIS OWN ESTABLISHMENT
AS WELL AS THOSE OF THE SUBJECT.
¢
2. KNOWLEDGE OF THE GEOGRAPHY. HISTORY, AND
CULTURE OF THE AREA IN WHICH HE IS OPERATING AND
OF THE SUBJECT’S HOME COUNTRY. EVEN A RESISTANT
SUBJECT WILL SONETIHES DISCUSS NON-TACTICAL
_
TOPICS. AND A KNOWLEDGE OF THE GEOGRAPHY,
ECONOMICS OR POLITICS OF HIS HOHE COUNTRY HAY BE
USED TO INDUCE HIM TO TALK. ONCE HE HAS STARTED
TO TALK. THE “OUESTIONER“ HAY THEN GRADUALLY
'
INTRODUCE SIGNIFICANT TOPICS INTO THE DISCUSSION.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
D-I8
D—l9
IV.
an
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
D. TRAINING IN “QUESTlONING“ TECHNIQUES. THE
EFFECTIVENESS OF A TECHNIQUE DEPENDS ON THE PROPER
SELECTION AND MATCHING OF THE TECHNIQUE TO THE
PERSONALITY OF THE SUBJECT.
E. UNDERSTANDING OF BASIC PSYCHOLOGY.A
“QUESTIONER“ CAN BEST ADAPT HIMSELF TO THE PERSONALITY
OF THE SUBJECT IF HE HAS AN UNDERSTANDING OF BASIC
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS. HOTIVATIONS, INHIBITIONS, AND
ATTITUDES.
CONCLUSION
A “QUESTIONER“ SHOULD REHENBER THAT HE AND THE‘SUBJECT
ARE OFTEN WORKING AT CROSS PURPOSES NOT BECAUSE THE
SUBJECT IS NALEVOLENTLY HITHHOLDING OR NISLEADING BUT
SIMPLY BECAUSE WHAT HE WANTS FROM THE SITUATION IS NOT
WHAT THE TOUESTIONER” WANTS.
A "QUESTIONER'S" GOAL IS TO OBTAIN FACTS CONCERNING
.
SOMETHING ABOUT WHICH HE FEELS THE SUBJECT HAS
ACQUIRED INFORMATION. BUT THE SUBJECT IS NOT
CONCERNED WITH CONHUNICATING THIS INFORHAIONTTO HIS
“QUESTIONER“; HE IS CONCERNED WITH “WHAT SORT OF
IHPRESSION AM I MAKING?“ AND "WHAT IS GOING TO HAPPEN.
T0 ms ~ou:>-
_
~
0-6
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
THE SKILLED
“QUESTIONER“ CAN save A GREAT oz-:m_ 0,: TIME
av UDERSTANDING THE EMOTIONAL NEEDS OF THE sues:-:cr AN!)
RELIEVING THE FEAR wmcu HE FEELS weer: HE IS SUBJECTE0
TO "QUESTIONING". so SIMPLE A MATTER AS GREETINGA
suaaacr av HIS mus AT THE oesums OF A Sssrou
ESTABLISHES IN HIS MIND THE COHFORTING AWARENESS THAT
HE IS CONSIDERED AS A PERSON, NOT A SQUEEZABLE SPONGE.
WITH THIS UNDERSTANDING ESTABLISHED, THE QUESTIONING
CAN HOVE ON TO IHPERSONAL MATTERS AND WILL NOT LATER
BE INTERRUPTED BY IRRELEVANT ANSWERS DESIGNED NOT TO
PROVIDE FACTS BUT TO PROVE THAT THE SUBJECT ISA
RESPECTABLE MEMBER OF THE HHAN RACE-
ALTHOUGH IT IS OFTEN NECESSARY TO TRICK A SUBJECT INTO
TELLING WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW, ESPECIALLY IN COUNTER
INTEELIGENCE
“OUESTIONING“, THE INITIAL QUESTION WHICH
A "OUESTIONER“ ASKS HINSELF SHOULD BE, “HOW CAN I HAKE
HIH WANT TO TELL HE WHAT HE KNOWS?" RATHER THAN “HOW
CAN I TRAP HIH INTO TELLING WHAT HE KNOWS?“
IF THE SUBJECT IS GENUINELY HOSTILE FOR IDEOCOGICAL
REASONS, TECHNIQUES FOR HANIPULATION ARE IN ORDER-
BUT THE ASSUHPTION OF HOSTILITY, OR THE USE OF
PRESSURE TACTICS AT THE FIRST ENCOUNTER, HAY MAKEA
SUBJECT RESISTANT WHO WOULD HAVE RESPONDED TO
RECOGNITION OF INDIVIDUALITY AND AN INITIAL ASSUHPTION
OF GOOD WILL.
D—7
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
EO
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107393
4
—
DESIGN AND
MANAGEMENT OF A FACILITY
E_.
E
,-
>
1.‘
E
E
E
E
E
I
2
E—3
4
5
6
7
8
9
I.
=::=::::::::::=::::.'=.'=::===:::::::::=::='-:===
ADMINISTRATIVE/DESIGN
CONSIDERATIONS
THE FACILITY SHOULD BE DESIGN D FOR EXPECTED CAPACITY
E
THE NUMBER OF
“QUESTIONING“ R OMS AND DETENTION C S
O
ELL
REQUIRED
IS-DIRECTLY
PROPORTIONAL TO THE FLOW OF
PRISONERS AND THE AVAILABILITY OF
“OUESTIONERS“. IF
POSSIBLE, ALL ACTIVITIES SHOULD BE UNDER ONE ROOF, TO
INCLUDE THE
FOLLOHING:'
A. CENTRAL RECEPTION ENTRYWAY FOR ADMITTING ALL
PERSONNEL.
'
B.
SUPERVISORS’
OFFICES.
C.
OPERATIONS
ROOM.
STAFF OFFICE FOR PLANNING
4
D.
E.
SLEEPING
OUARTERS FOR OFF DUTY GUARDS TO REST.
F. FILE ROOM.
G.
PROCESSING
ROOM FOR PRISONERS WITH A STORAGE ARE
<
FOR PERSONAL
EFFECTS.
H.
MEDICAL
TREATMENT ROOM WITH A SHOWER FOR
EXAMINING
AND TREATING
PRISONERS.
.
1.
KITCHEN
sacxpxwv FOR PREPARING ALL MEALS FOR
FRISONERS.
E—I
_ r,
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107393
AND REPORTS
PREPARATION
A
xi.
E~lO -
E~ll
E~l2
E—l3
E~l4
E—lS
E~l6
E—l7
E—I8
E—l9
E—2O
cu
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
A. SHOULD BE CONSTRUCTED IN A REASONABLY SECURE
AREA. SECURE FROM DEMONSTRATIONS, RIOTS, ETC.
B. SHOULD NOT BE EASILY OBSERVED FROM OUTSIDE BY
UNAUTHORIZED PERSONNEL.
C. SHOULD BE ABLE TO HITHSTAND AN ATTACK.
D. BACK—UF UTILITIES, ELECTRICITY, HATER» ETC-
E. OVERHEAD AND BUNKER PROTECTION FROM SHELLING.
F. BUNKERS OUTSIDE THE FACILITY WITH GOOD FIELDS OF
FIRE. H
G; FIRING PORTS IN THE OUTSIDE HALL OF THE FACILITY
H. EXTERNAL FENCING OF DENSE MATERIAL TO DETONATE
ROCKETS.
I. ENTRY AND EXIT OF ALL PERSONNEL MUST BE STRICTLY
CONTROLLED BY A SYSTEM OF BADGES, WITH PHOTOS,
IDENTIFYING PERSONNEL AND INDICATING AREAS OE.ACCE5S
(e.g. DIFFERENT COLOR BACKGROUNDS). BADGES NEVER
LEAVE THE FACILITY. THEY ARE FICKED UP AND TURNED AT
RECEPTION.
.
J. VEHICLE ENTRY SHOULD BE LIMITED TO OFFICIAC
VEHICLES AND CONTROLLED BY A DOUBLE GATE BARRIER.
K. PARKING AREAS SHOULD SE LOCATED OUTSIDE THE
FACILITY AND AMAY FROM THE OUTSIDE MALL.
E—2
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
(
E-Zl .-
B-22
E-23
E-'24
/I’
21”’
»
I
E-ZS
B-26
E-27
III.
an
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
CELL BLOCK PLANNING
A- CELLS SHOULD BE neour 3 METERS LONG n~0 3 mgrggg
WIDE.
~
B. CEILING SHOLLD BE A HINIHUH OF 3 NETERS HIGH I-JITH
SCREENED PROTECTION FOR THE LIGHT.
.
C. CELL DOORS SHOULD BE OF HEAVY. STEEL WITH JUDAS
PORT FOR VIEWING AND SEPARATE PORT FOR PUTTING FOOD
AND NATER INTO TI-E CELL. (THE SLAHHING OF A HEAVY
STEEL DOOR IHPRESSES UPON THE SUBJCT THAT HE IS CUT
OFF FROM THE REST OF THE WORLD.)
D. WINDOW SHOULD BE SET HIGH IN THE HALL WITH THE
.a
CAPABILITY OF BLUIKING OUT LIGHT. (THIS ALLOWS THE
"OUESTIONER" TO BE ABLE TO DISRUPT THE SUBJECT'S SENSE
OF TIME, DAY AND NIGHT.)
AMTY
E. HEAT. AIR AND LIGHT SHQHEB E<E EXTERNALLY
i
_
‘_[_QR~I_I'.12£~
-; -f ‘T6 |{~lE'_
PC.'.‘.-'7' OF
CONTROLLED.
/3”"
/U6
F. BEDDING SHOLLD BE HININAL
- COT AND BLANKET
- NO
HATTRESS. (THE IDEA IS TO PREVENT THE SUBJECT FROH
RELAXING
IF
T-.*'?23_5_"_ /HQ
'
G.
NO BUILT-IN TOILET FACILITIES)
4
T—H¥SU8UECT_SHGUI;D—HA‘<fE-‘FO“‘¢~Sl<~—-TO
--REL-I EVEIHI
TH-EH HE SHOULD EITHER BE GIVEN A BUCKET OR ESCORTED
BY‘
A GUARD TO THE LATRINE. THE GUARD STAYS AT HIS SIDE
THE ENTIRE TIME PE ZS IN THE LATRINE.
E -3
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
E—28
E—29
E-30
E~3l
B-32
E—33
IV.
_
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
~»-
.
H. CELLS SHOULD BE SOUNDPROOFED OR INSULATED FROM
EACH OTHER.
I. THERE SHOULD BE ONE OR TWO PLUSH CELLS FOR
COOPERATIVE
PRISONERS.
J. ONLY AUTHORIZED PERSONS SHOULD BE ALLOWED ACCESS
TO THE CELLS.
K. THE CELL BLOCK SHOULD HAVE A SECURE TRAVEL ROUTE
TO THE “QUESTIONING“ ROOMSL
L. ONLY ONE SUBJECT SHOULD BE MOVED AT A TIME AND HE
SHOULD BE BLINDFOLDED.
t
M. THE HALLWAY OUTSIDE THE CELLS SHOULD HAVEA
SERIES OF FLASHING LIGHTS AS A WARNING TO INDICATE
WHEN A SUBJECT IS BEING MOVED.
THE "OUESTIONING" ROOM
THE “QUESTIONING“ ROOM IS THE BATTLEFIELD UPON WHICH
THE “QUESTIONER“ AND THE SUBJECT MEET. HOWEVER, THE
"OUESTIONER“ HAS THE ADVANTAGE IN THAT HE HASITOTAL
CONTROL OVER THE SUBJECT AND HIS ENVIRONMENT.
ALTHOUGH VARIOUS SITUATIONS MAY REQUIRE SPECIAL
EQUIPMENT
OR'ARRANGEMENTS. HERE IS A BASIC LIST OF
DESIRED EQUIPMENT AND A PREFERRED ARRANGEMENT OF THE
.
ROOM AND ITS FURNITURE.
E-4
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
E-34
B-35
B-36
E—37
E-38
E—39
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
A. SHOULD BE AT LEAST 3 X 4 r1E-ITER5 WITH
Q~1__y om;
ENTRANCE.
B. NO WINDOWS, OR WINDOWS THAT CAN BE COMPLETELY
BLACKED OUT.
c. SHOULD as SOUNDPROOFED AND CARPETED.
0. SHOULD as FREE OF DISTRACTIUNS, WITH BARE HALLS.
THE SUGGESTED COLOR scusns IS AN OFF—wHITE FOR THE
ENTIRE ROOM,
-
4
E. saoupn HAVE A WARNING SIGN OR LIGHT ourszns THE
ROOM TO PREVENT INTERRUPTIONS wwsu A “QUESTIONING“ IS
BEING CONDUCTED. :€
F. SHOULD HAVE A TwO—HAY MIRROR INSTALLED IN THE
HALL PEHIND THE “QUESTIONER“ SO THAT THE SUBJECT'S
REACTIONS CAN BE OBSERVED OR PHOTOGRAPHED; HOWEVER,
CERTAIN PRECAUTIONS MUST BE TAKEN:
1. DO NOT PLACE THE MIRROR WHERE THE PRISONER
CAN OBSERVE HIMSELF, THE ACTIVITIES OF THE
1
“QUESTIONER" BEHIND THE DESK, OR SEE THE
REFLECTION OF THE DOOR.
2. THE AREA BEHIND THE MIRROR SHOULD HE AN
ENCLOSED. DARKENED ROOM. WITH AN INSIDE LATCH ON
‘
THE DOOR TO PREVENT ENTRY WHILE OBSERVATION IS IN
PROGRESS.
E—S
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
3, THE PERSON OBSERVING CANNOT SMOKE, LIGHTA
HATCH OR IN ANY wnv INTRODUCE LIGHT INTO THE
DARKENED ROOM DURING OBSERVATION.~#:
E—4O G. SHOULD HAVE BUILT—IN RECORDING FACILITIES, WITHA
HIDDEN SWITCH FOR EITHER ACTIVATING THE RECORDER OR
SIGNALING AN ASSISTANT TO DO SO.
1. THE MICROPHONES SHOULD as HIDDEN, IN THE
TABLE, UALL. CEILING, ETC.; BUT, IN ANY
LOCATION. MUST BE ABLE TO GIVE A CLEAR
REPRODUCTION OF THE CONVERSATION.
¢
2. THERE SHOULD BE A 8ACK—UP RECORDER AVAILABLE
IN case THE FIRST HALFUNCTIONS. IT SHOULD as
LOADED AND READY TO TURN ON NHEN THE FIRST BEGINS
TO RUN OUT OF TAPE.
Z. RECORDING THE “QUESTIONING" PERMITS YOU TO
OUESTION THE SUBJECT WITHOUT HAVING TO TAKE
NOTES. THUS LEAVING THE TABLE BARE IN FRONT OF
. _
Hlfl NITH NO DISTRACTING PAPERS.
_
4. ONCE HE HAS BEGUN TO TALK, YOU DO NOT WANT
TO.8REAK THE RHYTHM OF THE "OUESTIONING". THE
,
4
SIGHT OF YOU WRITING DOWN HIS EVERY WORD CAN
UNNERVE HIH AND MAKE HIH RELUCTANT TO TALK.
E—&
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
.1/4
-
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
5. REMEMBER, YOU ARE “QUESTIONING“ THE SUE(_]Ec]'
BECAUSE HE IS NITHHOLDING INFORMATION YOU DESIRE
AND YOU MUST DRAW IT FROM HIM. THE MICROPHONES
AND RECORDERS ASSIST YOU IN MAINTAINING THE
MOMENTUM AND ATMOSPHERE‘OF THE
“QUESTIONING".
6. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO RECORD EVERYTHING THAT IS
SAID, ONLY THE CRUCIAL PORTIONS OF THE
“C-IUESTIONING“. REMEMBER THAT YOU WILL HAVE TO
REVIEW _THE TAPES AND THEY MAY HAVE TO BE
TRANSCRIBED AT A EATER DATE.
'
7. RECORDINGS ARE AN INVALUABLE AID 1u_
PREPARING FOR THE NEXT SESSION BECAUSE YOU CAN GO
BACK OVER ANY PORTION OF THE
“OUES_TIONING" FOR
LEADS OR COMPARE ANSWERS GIVEN AT DIFFERENT
TIMES. THEY CAN HE PLAYED SACK TO PREVENT DENIAL
OF ADMISSIONS.
8. TAPES CAN BE EDITED AND SPLICED, 'WITH
EFFECTIVE RESULTS, IF THE TAMPERING CAN BE KEPT
<
HIDDEN. FOR INSTANCE, IT IS MORE EFFECTIVE PORA
SUBJECT TO HEAR A TAPED CONFESSION OF AN
ACCOMPLICE THAN TO HERELY BE TOLD BY THE
4
"OUESTIONER" THAT HE HAS CONFESSED.
E—7
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
1
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
i
9.
RECORDINGS
CAN HE usao av THE ~ouesTxo~ER~
\
TO STUDY HIS HISTAKES AND HIS flO5T EFFECTIVE
TECHNIQUES.
EXCEPTIONALLY
INSTRUCTIVE
“QUESTIONINGS" OR PORTIONS THEREOF, CAN BE USED
IN THE TRAINING OF OTHERS.
E-41
H. CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION OR A VIDEO TAPE
RECORDER IS ANOTHER VALUABLE AID DURING
"QUESTIONING"
VIDEO TAPES CAN BE REVIEWED TO OBSERVE THE SUE<JECT'S
REACTIONS TO CERTAIN KEY QUESTIONS. AS WITH TAPE
RECORDERS. THERE SHOULD BE A BACK-UP SYSTEM.
‘
E-42 I. THERE SHOULD NOT BE A TELEPHONE IN THE ROOM. IT
IS A VISIBLE LINK TO THE OUTSIDE AND ITS PRESENE
_
C
‘
MAKES THE SUBJECT FEEL LESS CUT OFF.
I
ALL CONTROLS FOR LIGHTS. RECORDERS, SIGNALS, ETC.
\
SHOULD BE LOCATED SO THAT YOU CAN EASILY USE THEN
'
NITHOUT ALERTING THE sueaecr.
NOT EVERY
ROOF‘! NEEDS TO BE FULLY EQUIPPED OR
I DENT I CALLY EOU I PPED.
K
.
1. FOR SUBJECTS WHOSE POTENTIAL FOR
\
EXPLOITATION rs NOT VERY HIGH, SIMPLY A Room WITH
I
'
'
-
'
A RECORDER rs SUFFICIENT.
I
I
\
~
_
c'_o
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
4
\
v‘
E—43
E—44
z~4s
2—4s
2-47
_
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
2. AS A HIGHLY PRODUCTIUE suaaecr eecomgg "ORE
coopsanrxvs, "0UESTIONING“ CAN as CONTINUED 1NA
ROOM wuxcu HAS A noes FRIENDLY n~o INFORMAL
ATMOSPHERE, uxru ensv cunras, CIGARETTES,
saveanses, arc. IN ORDER TO RELAX THE SUBJECT AND
INDUCE HIS CONTINUED COOPERATION.
TRAINING OF FACILITY PERSONNEL
ALL PERSONNEL UTILIZED IN THE FACILITY ARE UNDER THE
CONTROL OF THE FACILITY CHIEF FOR ADMINISTRATIVE AND
LOGISTICAL MATTERS, BUT SHOULD ONLY TAKE ORDERS FROH
THE “OUESTIONER“ IN MATTERS DEALING WITH THE SUBJECT.
A. THEY MUST BE THOROUGHLY INDOCTRINATED ON THE
INTELLIGENCE ASPECTS OF THEIR JOBS. THE NEED~TO—KNOW
PRINCIPLE APPLIES.
8. THEY MUST UNDERSTAND THE IHPORTANCE OF THEIR
PARTICULAR FUNCTION IN THE "OUESTIONING‘ PROCESS, AND
HON IT CONTRIEUTES TO A SUCCESSFUL EXRLOITATION.
¢
C. PROCESSING PERSONNEL MUST UNDERSTAND SUBJECT.
HANDLING PROCEDURES AND DESIRED RESULTS.
D. MEDICAL PERSONNEL (YOU HAY WANT TO HAVE THE
SUBJECT EXAHINED BY A NURSE).
E. FILES PERSONNEL ARE TRAINED IN ACCURATELY
CHECKING INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM THE SUBJECT AND
RELAYING THE RESULTS TO THE "QUESTIONER“.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
E~48
B-49
E-50
B-50
E—Sl
E—S2
E—53
E—54
Q
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
F- EXTERNAL SECURITY PERSONNEL NEED ONLY UNDERSTAND
MATTERS DEALING WITH THE PROTECTION OF THE FACILITY
AND PREVENTING UNAUTHORIZED ENTRY TO THE FACILITY.
G. INTERNAL GUARD PERSONNEL MUST UNDERSTAND WHAT
PSYCHOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES THE “OUESTIONER“ IS TRYING TO
OBTAIN THROUGH THEIR HANDLING OF THE SUBJECT.
TRAINING OF INTERNAL GUARDS
A. MUST HAVE UNDERGONE A THOROUGH BACKGROUND
SECURITY CHECK.
B. MUST BE PROFICIENT IN EMERGENCY PROCEDURES.
C. MUST UNDERSTAND THE LIMITATIONS ON PHYSICAL
CONTACT WITH THE SUBJECT.
D. MUST.UNDERSTAND THE TECHNIQUES USED AND REASONS
FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL PREPARATION OF THE SUBJECT.
E. MUST MOVE SUBJECTS FROM THEIR CELLS TO THE .
“QUESTIONING“ ROOMS WITHOUT ALLOWING THEM TO SEE OR BE
SEEN BY OTHER PRISONERS.
‘
'
THIS SEGREGATION GIVES THE COOPERATIVE SUBJECTA
PLAUSIBLE COVER STORY WHEN HE IS LATER MOVED TO
ANOTHER COMPOUND WHERE HE MUST LIVE WITH OTHER
PRISONERS. NONE OF THEM HILL BE AWARE OF THE LENGTH
OF TIME HE MAS OUESTIONED OR WHERE HE HAS DETAINED,
AND HE CAN DENY GIVING ANY INFORMATION AT ALL.
E- IO
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
1
_Q
ARREST AND HANDLING OF SUBJECTS
-
F—2
__....-.-__._........._-.-.-.._-._._-...-_-_.__._._.__._-.-_.__.__._-.-
,_.....__._.,_,.._._-.---_._-----—-_._...__.._-..-__._.._._.__-
APPREHENSION
A. THE HANNER AND TIMING OF ARREST CAN CONTRIBUTE
SUESTANTIALLY TO THE fQUESTIONER'S“ PURPOSE AND SHOUD
BE PLANNED TO ACHIEVE SURPRISE AND THE HAXINUN AMOUNT
OF MENTAL DISCOHFORT. HE SHOULD THEREFORE BE ARRESTED
AT A MOMENT WHEN HE LEAST EXPECTS IT AND WHEN HIS
4
MENTAL AND PHYSICAL RESISTANCE IS AT ITS LOWEST.
THE IDEAL TIME AT WHICH TO MAKE AN ARREST IS IN THE
EARLY HOURS OF THE MORNING. WHEN ARRESTED AT THIS
TIME; HOST SUBJECTS EXPERIENCE INTENSE FEELINGS OF
SHOCK, INSECURITY, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS AND FOR
THE HOST PART HAVE GREAT DIFFICULTY ADJUSTING TO THE
SITUATION.
B. AS TO THE HANNER OF THE ARREST. IT IS VERY
IMPORTANT THAT THE ARRESTING PARTY BEHAVE IN SUCHA
4
HANNER AS TO IHPRESS THE SUBJECT WITH THEIR
.
EFFICIENCY. THE SUBJECT SHOULD BE RUDELY AWAKENED AND
IMMEDIATELY
BLINDFOLDED am) HANDCUFFED. THE ARRESTING
PARTY SHOULD THEN APPLY THE FOLLOWING PROCEDURE:
F—1 Q3
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
C ¢ SEARCH
semen FOR weer-nus. souxrnsm. ore oocunsms on
1ureu.xse:~cs-: vnwe. nu. mnsnmns oamx~eo'
suouua accoum-.~v ms susaecv rs we -auesrrom~s~
FACILITY. ~o souveumsz
3
n. sruzucs ,4»; /qlhfl r
‘gr’ {’(K£H£4v$u~ To /M-‘r-1'
......_..-_- F:_9;N'r-1;~¢r4&, %\’#sz.Aé£$ “RV G2. Rt-?4'~'fZ!'7
'3‘;
rmuvam SILENCE AT Au. TINES;
/MD
Nd?‘
4
.
'::usa=-suewee-Nsvan-as ALLOWED TO 8?EAK To EACH
omsa; ma nizaesrma PARTY sflms as xwsreucrso
TO spam T0 -me PRISONERQ new as necsssaav.
THEY ARE NOT TO "QUESTION" THE PRISONERS. THAT
IS THE J_O8 OF THE "QUEST!ONER“-
E,
'
seem-:am's
------- ""'
/‘"*‘/
. .
.,_
PRISONERS sne-u+=e- as sseaesnrr-:0 4me¢-z-=~=re1=-v-- 14,‘-‘Li
I ISOLATION, BOTH PHYSICAL. AND PSYCHOLUGICAL.PHUG¥
4*‘-
az-: mwmman :=r<on "ma norssm
OF‘ gpmmzuszmu,
-T, Ix-'r~¢=-... (,‘~~=7C"
'
'
‘I-, ='.:t_=‘T‘ NV’
{T012
-‘A. ?£~¢':'- r?
‘*~"I -‘Ia iv‘-7‘ ‘F9 "-
F. av:-:20 T0 ‘ma Fa¢z'v..1'rv"'!' :‘<~::~'~'m'*‘.>‘ "'%€'f_a"=~t
-v--*-—--'~'@-"- --'¢‘
_
I
PRXSCINERS suouua as raauswoareo 1'0 ‘ma
_
'
_
"GUI-ZSTl0NING" FACILITY ZN A CLOSED VEHICLE BY HAY
OF A CIRCUXTOUS ROUTE TO PREVENT H18 DETECTING
WHERE HQ IS BEING HELD.
G. THE ARRESTING PARTY" SHOULD USE OFLY SUFFICIENT
FORCE T0 EFFECT THE ARREST. NO VIOLENCE! IF TH€Y
BREQK THE SU8JECT'S JQH, HE HILL NOT B€ ABLE TO ANSK
"
OUESTIONS DURING THE "QUEST1ONXNB".'
'
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
F-8
III
F—9
F-IO
F—ll
F-12
F—l3
F-14 _
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
H. A “QUESTIONER“ SHOULD NOT PARTICIPATE IN THE
ARREST BECAUSE THE SUBJECT WILL REACT TO HIM QUITE
DIFFERENTLY IF HE HAS NEVER SEEN HIM BEFORE.A
“OUESTIONER“ SHOULD RECIEUE A COMPLETE REPORT FROM THE
CHIEF OF THE ARRESTING PARTY uuzcu SHOULD INCLUDEA
DESCRIPTION OF CIRCUMSTANCES nunxws THE ARREST, A LIST
OF ITEMS TAKEN FROM THE SUBJECT, AND ANY STATEMENTS
MADE av THE SUBJECT.
HANDLING UPON ARRIVAL AT THE FACILITY
A. SUBJECT IS BROUGHT INTO THE FACILITY BLINDFOLDED
AND HANDCUFFED AND SHOULD REMAIN SO DURING THE ENTIRE
PROCESSING.
'
9. ANY TIME THE SUBJECT IS MOVED FOR ANY REASON. HE
SHOULD BE ELINDFOLDED AND HANDCUFFED. v
C. SUBJECT SHOULD SE REQUIRED TO COMPLY IMMEDIATELY
AND RRECISELY WITH ALL INSTRUCTIONS.
D. ALL ITEMS SELONGING TO THE SUBJECT ARE
_
INVENTORIED AND STORED. WITH A COPY OF THE LIST GOING
TO THE “QUESTIONER".
#9
E. SUBJECT IS FINGERRRINTED AND PHOTOGRAPHED, USING
'
CAUTION WHEN REMOVING BLINDFOLD.
F. SUBJECT IS COMPLETELY STRIRPED AND TOLD TO TAKEA
SHOWER. BLINDFOLD REMAINS IN PLACE WHILE SHOWERING
AND GUARD WATCHES THROUGHOUT.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
F-14
--
F-15
F-l6
F-17
F-18
F-19
F-20
4
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
1
G. SUBJECT IS GIVEN A THOROUGH MEDICAL EXAMINATION.
INCLUDING ALL BODY CAVITIES. BY THE FACILITY DOCTOR QR
NURSE.
H. SUBJECT IS PROVIDED WITH ILL—FITTING CLOTHING
(FAMILIAR CLOTHING REINFORCES IDENTITY AND THUS THE
CAPACITY FOR RESISTANCE).
I. SUBJECT IS THEN TAKEN_TO AN INDIVIDUAL CELL WHERE
THE BLINDFOLD AND HANDCUFFS ARE REMOVED AFTER HE
ENTERS THE CELL.
'
J. SUBJECT IS NOT PERMITTED READING MATTER OF ANY
KIND.
K. TOTAL ISOLATION SHOULD BE MAINTAINED UNTIL AFTER
THE FIRST
“OUESTIONING“ SESSION. CONDITIONS CAN BE
ADJUSTED AFTER THIS SESSION.
L. SUBJECT SHOULD BE MADE TO BELIEVE THAT HE'HAS
BEEN FORSAKEN BY HIS COMRADES.
<
M. THROUGHOUT HIS DETENTION, SUBJECT MUST BE
CONVINCED THAT HIS "QUESTIONER" CONTROLS HIS ULTIMATE
oesrmv, mm mm HIS ABSOLUTE COOPERATION xs
ESSENTIAL
TO'SUR\/IVAL.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
c 0
_
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
-
_
SCREENING OF SUBJECTS
.-
GENERAL
A. SCREENING IS THE PROCESS OF OBTAINING BACKGROUND
BIOGRAPHICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DATA FROM SUBJECTS IN
ORDER TO DETERMINE FUTURE HANDLING. FOR EXAMPLE.
CUSTOMS SCREENS TRAVELERS TO IDENTIFY SUSPECTS WHO FIT
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILE OF A SMUGGLER- THOSE WHO
DO ARE THEN DETAINED FOR FURTHER QUESTIONING AND
SEARCHING.
THE SCREENING OF LARGE GROUPS OF PRISONERS SUCH AS
P.O.U.'s OR REFUGEES PRIOR TO “OUESTIONING“ HASA
SIMILAR PURPOSE. ONLY SUBJECTS WITH KNOWLEDGE OF
POTENTIAL INTELLIGENCE VALUE SHOULD BE SELECTED FOR
"QUESTIONING".
,
'
B. THE SCREENER SHOULD CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING
FACTORS WHEN MAKING SELECTIONS:
_
I. OVERALL INTELLIGENCE
REQUIREMENTS AND
PRIORITIES.
'
2. HOUSING CAPACITY AND NUMBER OF
"QUESTIONERS“
AVAILABLE.
'
_
3. ESTIMATED INTELLIGENCE POTENTIAL OF THE
SUBJECT.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/2-8 O00107398
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
-
. C. THE FOLLOWING
GUIDELINES WILL AID THE SCREENER IN
C-3
—physicists
~
—chemists
-satellites
— etc. etc.
C-4
G75
G—6
-
ESTABLISHING THE PRIORITY AND POTENTIAL OF A SUBJECT;
PRIORITY
“A“ - SUBJECTS WHO ARE MOST LIKELY TO
HAVE: TECHNICAL OR SCIENTIFIC
KNOWLEDGE OF
INTELLIGENCE VALUE, NAMES OF OFFICERS AND AGENTS
WORKING FOR THE OPPOSITION, DIRECT INVOLVEMENT IN
SUBVERSIVE ACTS.
PRIORITY
"B" - SUBJECTS WHO HAVE OTHER
INFORMATION OF INTELLIGENCE VALUE ON A SUBJECT
THAT WARRANTS
“QUESTIONING“, SUCH AS INFORMATION
OF IMMEDIATE TACTICAL VALUE.
'
PRIORITY
"C" — SUBJECTS WHO HAVE INFORMATION
WHICH CAN BE USED TO VERIFY OR CORROBORATE OTHER
INFORMATION.
PRIORITY
"D" — SUBJECTS WHO HAVE NO INFORMATION
OF INTELLIGENCE VALUE.
“
SCREENING SHOULD BE CONDUCTED BY SOMEONEIOTHER
D.
THAN THE “QUESTIONER' BECAUSE THERE IS AN IMPORTANT
DIFFERENCE IN WHAT THE TWO ARE TRYING TO O8TAIN- THE
.
SCREENER WANTS TO OBTAIN PERSONAL INFORMATION ABOUT
THE SUBJECT HIMSELF. THE “OUESTIONER“ WANTS TO OBTAIN
INFORMATION TO SATISFY SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
7 II.
Q
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
E. THE TASK OF SCREENING IS MADE EASIER BY THQ kqcf
THAT THE SCREENER IS INTERESTED IN THE SUBJECT HOST
SUBJECTS u1LL SPEAK WITH soHE FREEDOM ABOUT CHILDHQQQ
EVENTS AND FAHILIAL RELATIONSHIPS. EVEN A PROVOCATEUR
uH0 IS TRAINED TO RECITE A COVER STORY AND sug5r;TUTgS
A FICTICIOUS PERSON FOR HIS FATHER w1LL DISCLDSE sung
0F HIS FEELINGS ABOUT HIS REAL FATHER.
F. IF THE SCREENER CAN PUT THE SUBJECT AT EAsE, HE
IS UNLIKELY TO FEEL THAT A cAsuAL CONVERSATION ABOUT
HIMSELF rs DANGEROUS. FOR EXAMPLE, ROUTINE QUESTIONS
ABOUT scH00L TEACHERS, EMPLOYERS, OR GROUP LEADERS
HILL LEAD THE SUBJECT TO REVEAL How HE FEELS ABOUT HIS
PARENTS, SUPERIORS, AND OTHERS 0F En0TI0~AL
CONSEDUENCE TO HIM BECAUSE OF ASSOCIATIVE LINKS IN HIS
MIND.
'
INTELLIGENCE CATEGORIES
THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES ARE EXAMPLES OF TYPES OF
SUBJECTS WHO HOST FREQUENTLY PROVIDE INFORMATION OF
INTELLIGENCE VALUE: -
A. TRAUELLERS 1
ARE USUALLY INTERVIEWED. DEBRIEFED. OR QUESTIONED
THROUGPLTECHNIQUES OF 'ELICITATION. THEY ARE ONLY
"QUESTlONED". IF THEY ALSO FALL INTO ONE OF THE .
OTHER CATEGOR I ES.
G-3
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
why do these
re:.ULll-
_
- love of country // fanuly
G—8
G-9
G—lO
G-ll
- trained by Soviet5??
REPATRIATES
SOMETIMES
“QUESTIONED“. BUT OTHER TECHNIQUES USED
MORE OFTEN.
DEFECTORS. ESCAPEES AND REFUGEES
ARE NORNALLY “QUESTIONED“ SUFFICIENTLY TO TEST
BONA FIDES. HOWEVER, RENEHSER THAT BONA FIDES
CANNOT BE ESTABLISHED CONCLUSIVELY BY
“QUESTIONING“ ALONE. EXPERIENCE HAS SHOWN THAT
THE OPPOSITION IS HELL AWARE OF THIS CHANNEL ASA
4
NEANS OF PLANTING THEIR AGENTS IN TARGET
COUNTRIES.
AGENTS
ARE MORE FREQUENTLY DEBRIEFED THAN “QUESTIONED“.
IF IT IS ESTABLISHED THAT AN AGENT EELONGS TO ONE
OF THE NEXT THREE CATEGORIES. THEN HE IS
“OUESTIONED“.
PROVOCATEURS
USUALLY ROSE AS DEFECTORS, ESCAREES, OR—REFUGEES
IN ORDER TO PENETRATE EHIGRE GROUPS. AN
INTELLIGENCE SERVICE. OR OTHER TARGETS ASSIGNED
BY THE OPPOSITION. THEY ARE TRAINED IN DECEPTION
AND THE USE OF A COVER STORY. DETECTION OFA
F'RO\/OCATEUR REQUIRES SKILLED "OUESTIONING“.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
c-12
_
C-13
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
i"
,
F- DOUBLE AGENTS
FREQUENTLY ARE NOT “OUESTIONED“ UNLESS IT IS
DETERMINED THAT THEY ARE GIVING THE EDGE TO THE
OPPOSITION.
G. FABRICATORS
ARE—USUACCY “QUESTIONED“ FOR PREVENTIVE REASONS,
TO NULLIFY ANY DAMAGE TO YOUR SERVICE.
FABRICATORS HAVE LITTLE INTELLIGENCE SIGNIFICANCE
BUT ARE NOTORIOUSLY SKILLFUL TIHEWASTERS. THE
PROFESSIONAL PEDDLER WITH SEVERAL INTELLIGENCE
SERVICE CONTACTS HAY BE AN EXCEPTION, BUT HE WILL
USUALLY GIVE THE EDGE TO A HOST SECURITY SERVICE
BECAUSE OTHERWISE HE CANNOT FUNCTION.NITH
IHPUNITY.
G_14 :11. PERSONALITY carseomss
A. THE SCREENING OF INDIVIDUALS PRIOR TO
“OUESTIONING" CAN PROVIDE A "OUESTIONER" WITH
BACKGROUND DATA WHICH WILL GIVE HIM PSYCHOLOGICAL
INSIGHT TO THE SUBJECT. THIS PRELIHINARY
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT HILL PERMIT HIH TO SELECT
“QUESTIONING“ TECHNIQUES HATCHED TO THE PERSONALITY OF
THE SUBJECT.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Q
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
8. A REAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE SUBJECT IS WORTH FAR
MORE THAN A THOROUGH KNOWLEDGE OF THIS OR THAT
CATEGORY TO WHICH HE HAS BEEN ASSIGNED. FOR
'
"OUESTIONING“ PURPOSES THE WAYS IN WHICH HE DIFFER5
FROM THE ABSTRACT CATEGORY MAY BE MORE SIGNIFICANT
THAN THE WAYS IN WHICH HE CONFORMSI HOWEVER, THE
SCREENER DOES NOT HAVE TIME TO PROBE THE DEPTHS OF
EACH SUBJECT'S INDIVIDUALITY AND MUST THEREFORE MAKE
USE OF CATEGORIZ ING.
4
C. A “QUESTIONER“ MUST NOT MAKE THE MISTAKE OF
ASSUMING THAT BECAUSE A SUBJECT HAS ONE OR TWO
CHARACTERISTICS OF A CATEGORY, THAT HE AUTOMATICALLY
BELONGS IN THAT CATEGORY. MOST SUBJECTS WILL SHOW
CHARACTERISTICS OF MORE THAN ONE CATEGORY, SOME WILL
NOT FIT INTO ANY OF THE CATEGORIES.
'
D. WITH THESE RESERVATIONS IN MIND. THE FOLLOWING
NINE PSYCHOLOGICAL/EMOTIONAL CATEGORIES ARE DESCRIBED.
THEY ARE BASED UPON THE ASSUMFTION THAT A SUBJECT'S
PAST IS ALWAYS REFLECTED IN HIS PRESENT ETHICS AND
seunvroa AND THAT ALL rworvrounps, REGARDLESS OF
CULTURAL awn GEOGRAPHIC snczsaouwos. WILL REACT IN
ESSENTIALLY THE sane uav TO THE same TECHNIQUES,
F2 _- I.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
7%‘
G-14
G-15
C-15
G-l6
G-17
G-18
G-18
G-20
G-21
G-22
G-23
G-24
G-25
G-27
G-27
G-Z8
G-29
G-30
G-31
1%
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
THE ORDERLY-OBSTINATE SUQJECT.
_-_-___._._.--._._-..._...--_.._.._....----_--.-_.
THE SUBJECT IN THIS CATEGORY IS OFTEN INTELLECTUAL.
HE TENDS T0 THINK LOGICALLY AND ACT 0ELIEERATELY_
HE IS PUNCTUAL, ORDERLY, TIDY
HE IS FRUGAL, NOT IMPULSIVE
HE IS VINDICTIVE OR VENGEFUL
HE IS STUBBORN
HE IS SECRETIVE, DISINCLINED TO CONFIDE IN OTHERS,
HE CONSIDERS HIMSELF SUPERIOR TO OTHER PEOPLE.
HE SOMETIMES HAS HIS OWN SYSTEM OF MORALITY.
HE AVOIDS ANY REAL COMMITMENT TO ANYTHING.
HE IS INTENSELY CONCERNED ABOUT PERSONAL
POSSESSIONS, OFTEN CARRYING SHINY COINS, KEEPSAKES, OR
. -
,
OTHER OBJECTS HAVING SYMBOLIC VALUE,
‘
HE USUALLY HAS A HISTORY OF ACTIVE REBELLION IN
CHILDHOOD.
- HE HAS DEVELOPED A PROFOUND FEAR AND HATRED OF
AUTHORITY.
WHEN DEALING WITH AN ORDERLY—O8STINATE SUBJECTH
— AVOID THE ROLE OF HOSTILE AUTHORITY.
- THREATS AND THREATENING GESTURES, TABLE FOUNDING,
POUNCING ON EVASIONS AND LIES, OR ANY SIMILAR
AUTHORITATIVE TACTICS WILL ONLY AUAKEN OLD ANXIETIES
AND HABITUAL DEFENSE MECHANISMS.
—
TO ATTAIN RAPPORT. BE FRIENDLY.
- THE ROOM ANO “OUESTIONER“ SHOULD LOOK EXCEPTIONALLY
NEAT.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
G-32
G-33
G—34
G—3S
G—36
G—37
G-38
G—39
G-40
C-41
C-42
Q
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
THE UPTIHISTIC SUBJECT
.---.-..._.._.__---_-_._..__......-..---_--.
~ THIS TYPE OF SUBJECT IS ALMOST CONSTANTLY
HAPPY—GO—LUCKY. HE SEEMS TO ENJOY A CONTINUAL STATE
OF WELL-BEING.
- as IS
IMPULSIVE..INCONSISTENT, nun UNDEPENDAELE.
— HE 1s NOT nape TO NITHSTAND.VERY nucu PRESSURE.
— HE REACTS TO A CHALLENGE BY RUNNING AWAY TO AVOID
CONFLICT.
— HE IS OFTEN THE YOUNGEST MEMBER OF A LARGE FAMILY.
— HE HAS USUALLY HAD A-GREAT DEAL OF OVER INDULGENCE
IN EARLY CHILDHOOD.
WHEN DEALING NITH AN OPTIMISTIC SUBJECT:
G-40
— AVOID PRESSURE TACTICS ORTHOSTILITY WHICH WILL MAKE
HIM RETREAT INSIDE HIMSELF
-
— REASSURANCE WILL BRING HIM OUT. THE OPTIMISTIC
SUBJECT RESPONDS BEST TO A KINDLY. PARENTAL APPROACH.
— HE CAN OFTEN BE HANDLED EFFECTIVELY BY THE "FRIEND
AND FOE“ TECHNIQUE DISCUSSED LATER.
6-8
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
stick
~43
IIIOIQ
USO
CAFIOC
o~
always
wanca
hold
off
=~
11
\
C-43
C-44
G-45
C-46
C-47
G—48
G—49
G—SO
G—5l
c-s2
c-53 _
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
~_;~—
I
THE seesnv,
osnmorus
sueascr
— THIS TYPE OF SUBJECT IS EXTREMELY DEFENDENT AND
PASSIVE.
~ HE CONSTANTLY
DEMANDS THAT OTHERS TAKE CARE OFH
- HE TRIES TO PERSUADE OTHERS TO DEFEND HIM SAYING
“LET'S YOU AND HIM FIGHT."
~ HE'IS LIKELY TO SHIFT LOYALTIES IF HE FEELS HIS
7
SPONSOR HAS LET HIM DOWN. AN EXAMPLE IS A DEFECTOR
WHO FEELS HIS DESIRES HERE NOT SATISFIED IN HIS HOME
COUNTRY.
-
— HE IS SUBJECT TO FREOUENT DEPRESSIONS AND MAY EVEN
TRY TO COMMIT SUICIDE.
— HE USUALLY SUFFERED FROM DEPRIVATION OE AFFECTION
SECURITY IN EARLY CHILDHOOD.
.
WHEN DEALING NITH A GREEDY,
DEMANDING'SUBJECT:
— BE CAREFUL NOT TO REEUFF HIM: OTHERWISE RAPPORT
BE DESTROYED.
— DO NOT ACCEDE TO DEMANDS WHICH CANNOT BE MET.
GRANTING AN UNIMRORTANT FAVOR MAY SATISFY HIM: EEC
HIS DEMANDS ARISE NOT FROM A SPECIFIC NEED BUT AS
EXPRESSION OF HIS NEED FOR SECURITY.
— ANY MANIFESTATIDN OF CONCERN FOR HIS HELL—BEING
BE REASSURING TO HIM.
— ADOPTING THE TONE OF AN UNDERSTANDING FATHER OR
BROTHER IS LIhELY TO MAKE HIM RESFONSIVE.
6-9
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
IM.
OR
NIL
AUS
AN
NIL
BIG
L
E
L
G-S4
6-55
G—56
C-57
G-58
C-59
G—6O
G—6l
C-62
G—63
.-
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
THE nwxrous.
SELF-c£NTERED
SUBJECT
__-_-.-_----_._._-_
_._-----_._.___.__-._—-_.......__.-.-
— THIS TYPE OF SUBJECT
IS UNUSUALLY FEARFUL.
— HE IS ENGAGED IN A CONSTANT STRUGGLE TO CONCEAL HIS
FEARS.
— HE IS FREQUENTLY
A DAREDEVIL
PRETENDING THERE IS NO
sucu THING as DANGER.
- HE TENDS T0 eans AND OFTEN LIES OUT OF A ossrae FOR
APPROVAL OR PRAISE.
— HE HAY HAVE BEEN DECORATED FOR BRAVERY AS A SOLDIER,
HAVING EXPOSED HIMSELF TO DANGER ONLY IN ANTICIPATION
OF REWARDS AND APPROVAL.
— HE IS INTENSELY VAIN AND SENSITIVE.
THE CONCEALED
ANXIETY OF THIS SUBJECT PROVIDES THE
OPPORTUNITY FOR HANIPULATION. HIS DESIRE TO IHPRESS
WILL E<E QUICKLY
EVIDENT. HE IS LIKELY_ TO BE TALKATIVE
- IGNORING OR RIDICL/LING HIS ERAGGING. OR CUTTING
HIT‘!
SHORT IS LIKELY TO MAKE HIM RESENTFUL.
'
- TAKE ADVANTAGE OF HIS DESIRE TO IHPRESS.
— PLAYING UPON HIS VANITY OR PRAISING HIS COURAGE IS
LIKELY TO BE SUCCESSFUL.
‘
G—10
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
c-64
__
G-65
C-66
G—67
G—68
C-69
G—7O
G—7l
G-72
G—73
'
c-74
an
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
THE GUILT—RIDDEN
SUBJECT
._.-____
_________._-.--_.__...-.----
— THIS TYPE OF SUBJECT HAS A STRONG. CRUEL,
UNREALISTIC
CONSCIENCE.
— HE OFTEN ATTEMPTS TO PROVE HE HAS BEEN TREATED
UNJUSTLY.
- HE nnv HAVE BEEN FREQUENTLY SCOLDED OR PUNISHED as
CHILD, OR "RY HAVE BEEN A “MODEL” CHILD wH0 REPRESSED
ALL NATURAL HOSTILITIES.
— HE MAY PROVOKE UJUST TREATMENT TO ASSUAGE HIS
CONSCIENCE THROUGH FUNISHMENT.
— HE MAY FALSELY CONFESS TO CRIMES.
“ HE MAY COMMIT CRIMES IN ORDER TO CONFESS AND BE
PUNISHED.
-
— MASOCHISTS BELONG IN THIS CATEGORY.
— COMPULSIVE GAMELERS WHO FIND NO PLEASURE IN WINNING
BUT FIND RELIEF IN LOSING BELONG IN THIS CATEGORY.
DIFFICULT
THE GUILT—RIDDEN SUBJECT IS
/\
TO "QUESTION".
- AVOID ACCUSATIONS wurcu nnv TRIGGER FALSE
CONFESSIONS TO HOSTILE CLANDESTINE ACTIVITY IN uuxeu
HE was NOT INVOLVED.
- IF PUNISHED, HE nav REMAIN SILENT. ENJOYING THE
"PUNISHMENT“._
— SUBJECTS WITH INTENSE GUILT FEELINGS-MAY CEASE
RESISTANCE a~o COOPERATE IF PUNISHED 1~ somE wnv,
BECAUSE OF THE GRATIFICATION INDUCED av PUNISHMENT.
IT... I I
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
A
C-75
C-76
C-77
C-78
C-79
C-80
C-81
C-82
C-83
-\
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
THE SUEJEET
NRECKED
BY SUCCESS
"_.__._._.__.._..
____._..._..._.._..... -------—---
- THIS TYPE 0F SUBJECT
CANNOT TOLERATE
SUCCESS.
- HE HAS A CONSCIENCE
WHICH FQREIDS THE FLEASURES 0F
ACCDMPLISHHENT
AND RECOGNITION. HE ENJOYS HIS
AMBITIONS ONLY AS LONG AS THEY REHAIH
FANTASIES.
~ HE GOES THROUGH L1FE FAILING AT CRITICAL POINTS. HE
HAS A HISTORY OF ALHOST COMPLETING A SIGNIFICANT
ASSIGNMENT EUT S0HETH1~s ALHAYS INTERVENES. THIS
“SOMETHING” IS ACTUALLY A SENSE OF GUILT OF THE KIND
DESCRIBED IN THE LAST CATEGORY.
-
- HE FREQUENTLY FRQJEETS HIS GUILT FEELINGS AND BLAHES
ALL HIS FAILURES ow S0HEo~E ELSE.
- HE HAS A STRONG NEED TO SUFFER AND HAY SEEK DANGER
OR INJURY.
.
<
— HE IS'OFTEN ACCIDENT FRONE
WHEN DEALING WITH THE SUBJECT NRECKED BY SUCCESS:
— AVOID QUESTIONING WHICH IHPINGES UPON HIS FEELINGS
OF GUILT OR THE REASONS FOR HIS FAST FAILURES. THIS
WILL ONLY RESULT IN SUEJECTIVE DISTORTIONS. THE .
SUCCESSFUL
"OUESTIONER" WILL ISOLATE THIS AREA OF
UNRELIABILITY.
-
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
c-ad
--
c-as
G-86
G-87
G-88
G-89
G-90
G-91
G-92
G-93
G-93
G-94
G-95
4
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
THE SCHIZOID SUBJECT
— THIS SUBJECT LIVES IN A FANTASY WORLD HOST OF THE
TIME.
— HE OFTEN CANNOT DISTINGUISH FANTASY FROM REALITY.
- TO HIH, THE REAL WORLD sEEns EMPTY AND HEANINGLESS.
— HE IS EXTREMELY INTOLERANT OF ANY FRUSTATION THAT
OCCURS IN THE REAL WORLD AND DEALS.NITH IT BY
NITHDRAUING INTO HIS FANTASY WORLD.
— HE HAS NO REAL ATTACHMENTS TO OTHERS.
— ANY LINK TO A GROUP OR COUNTRY HILL ONLY BE
¢
TRANSITORY.
- ALTHOUGH HE RETREATS FROM REALITY, HE DOES NOT WANT
TO FEEL ABANDONED.
- HE NEEDS EXTERNAL APPROVAL.
'
¢
— HE IS LIKELY TO LIE READILY TO WIN APPROVAL. BUT
BECAUSE HE IS NOT ALWAYS CAPABLE OF DISTINGUISHING
BETWEEN FACT AND FANTASY. HE HAY BE UNAMARE OF LYING.
THE SCHIZOID SU8JECT’S DESIRE FOR APPROVAL PROVIDES
THE
‘QUESTIONER“ u1TH A HANDLE.
‘
~ AVOID ACCUSATIONS OF LYING OR OTHER INDICATIONS OF
o1sEsTEEH wH1cH HAY PROVOKE w1THoHAwAL FROM THE
SITUATION.
‘
— THE TRUTH CAN BE TEASED OUT OF THE SCHIZOID IF HE rs
CDNVINCED THAT HE WILL NOT xwcu FAVOR BY LYING OR
DISFAVOR EY TELLING THE TRUTH.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
C-96
C-97
G-98
G'99
G-100
G-101
G-102
-\
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
THE EXCEPTION
— THIS TYPE OF SUBJECT
FEELS THAT THE WORLD ONES HIMA
GREAT DEAL.
— HE FEELS THAT HE HAS SUFFERED A GROSS MISFORTUNE
SUCH AS A PHYSICAL DEFORMITY, EARLY LOSS OF A PARENT.
OR PAINFUL ILLNESS AS A CHILD.
— HE REGARDS THIS MISFORTUNE AS AN INJUSTICE WHICH
MUST BE RECTIFIED.
— HE CLAIMS AS HIS RIGHT, PRIVILEGES NOT PERMITTED
OTHERS.
-
— IF THE CLAIM IS IGNORED OR DENIED, HE MAY BECOME
REBELLIOUS.
~ HE IS LIKELY TO MAKE DEMANDS FOR MONEY, AID, AND
OTHER FAVORS mm am-: coneuzrew our OF PROPORTION TO
THE vAl_LJE4OF HIS INFORMATION.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
G-103
G-104
G-105
G-106
G-I06
G-107
Q
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
THE EXCEPTION IS BEST HANDLED BY:
-
LISTENING TO HIS GRIEVQNCES (WITHIN REASONABLE
TIHELIHITS).
—
AK/QIDING ANY AHBIGOUS REPLIES TU DEMANDS WHICH NIGHT
BE INTERPRETED As AcQu1EscE~cE.
- HAKING N0 COHHITHENTS THAT CANNOT as DISCHARGED
FULLY.
'
~ DEFECTORS FROM OTHER INTELLIGENCE SERVICES, DOUBLE_
AEEHTE, AND PROVOCATEURS, IF THEY BELONG TO THIS
cATEe0RY,'AHE VERY RESPONSIVE TO suesasfzous FROM THE
"QUESTIONER“ THAT THEY:HAVE BEEN TREATED UNFAIRLY ev
THE OTHER SERvICE.
- HEHEHEEH THAT HE HA5 NO SENSE OF LOYALTY. IF HE
FEELS WRONGED BY YOUR SERVICE, HE IS vERy LIKELY TO so
TO THE NEWSPAPERS OR COURTS. THIS SHOULD EE TAHEH
INTO QCCOUNT BEFORE ANY PLANNED OFERATIONQL USE.
Q
G-15
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
G-108
G-109
G-110
C-111
-\
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
THE AVERAGE OR NORHQL SUBJECT
-
nAY EXHIBIT HOST OR ALL OF THE CHARACTERISTICS QF
THE OTHER CATEGORIES FROM TIE TO T1nE_
-
BUT NONE OF THEN IS FERSISTENTLY DOHINANT. THE
AVERAGE SUBJECT’S QUALITIES OF 0ssTr~ncY, OPTIHISH,
ANXIETY, ETc. ARE NOT ovsaazozws EXCEPT FOR SHQRT
PERIODS OF T1nE.
-
HIS REACTIONS T0 THE WORLD AROUND HIM RESULT FROM
EVENTS IN THAT WORLD AND ARE NOT THE PRODUCT OF RIGID,
susJEcTIvE PATTERNS AS_IS TRUE WITH THE OTHER
CATEGORIES DISCUSSED.
‘
G
—
x6
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
&1-
H~O
H-I 1-
2
3
4
S
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
__
FLANNING
THE
"@UESTIDNING“
REASONS FOR A PLAN
-.-_._...-_..-...._..-.-.__-.---.--»
A. NO TWO “OUESTIONINGS“ ARE THE SAME. EACH IS
SHAPED DEFINITIVELY BY THE PERSONALITY OF THE SUBJECT.
ONLY WHEN THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE SUBJECT
HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED AND UDERSTOOD DOES IT BECOME
POSSIBLE TO PLAN REALISTICALLY.
B. THE LONG RANGE GOAL OF THE “OUESTIONING“ IS TO
OBTAIN FROM THE SUBJECT ALL USEFUL INFORMATION THAT HE
HAS. TO ACHIEVE THIS, HIS CAPACITY FOR RESISTANCE
,'
LD
-/
SH¢U-
"
.
H66? EE
U€ST§EEUI8H8-REPLACED
HITH A COOPERATIVE
ATTITUDE.
~
C.
"OUESTIONING" IS AN ONGOING [NTERPERSONAL PROCESS
AND EVERYTHING THAT TAKES PLACE INFLUENCES ALL
SUESEOUENT EVENTS. CONTINUAL APPLICATION OF
TECHNIQUES THAT FAIL ONLY BOLSTER THE SUBJECT'S
CONFIDENCE AND HIS ABILITY TO RESIST. THEREFORE. IT_
IS WRONG TO TRY ONE TECHNIQUE AFTER ANOTHER UNTIL THE
PROPER METHOD IS DISCOVERED BY CHANCE. -THIS TYPE OF
AINLESS APPROACH CAN RUIN THE CHANCE FOR SUCCESS EVEN
IF PROPERLY PLANNED TECHNIQUES ARE USED LATER.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
11’
H-6 e~
H-7
H—8 8.
H-9
H-I0
H-II D.
H-I2
H-13
H—I4
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
-so
9 STEPS PRIOR TO CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLAN
THE SUBJECT IS SCREENED TO DETERMINE:
I. HIS BACKGROUND BIOGRAPHIC DATA WHICH IS USED
TO CONDUCT TRACES AND VERIFY FILES HOLDINGS.
2. HIS KNOWLEDGEAEILITY IN RELATION TO
REQUIREMENTS.
3. HIS PREVIOUS EXPOSURE TO “QUESTIONING“ OR
DETENTION.
A PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT IS MADE TO DETERMINE:
I. INTO WHICH EMOTIONAL CATEGORY HE FITS.
2. ANY PSYCHOLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES.
3. HIS DEGREE OF WILLINGNESS TO COOPERATE.
4. WHAT HIS POTENTIAL VULNERABILITIES ARE.
5. HOW HE VIEWS HIS POTENTIAL FOR SURVIVING HIS
SITUATION.
6. NHETHER HE FEELS THAT REVEALING THE DESIRED
INFORMATION POSES A PERSONAL THREAT TO HIM.
7. WHAT COURSE OF ACTION MILL REDUCE HIS
_
ABILITY TO RESIST.
C. DETAILED STUDY OF THE SU8JECT’S ORGANIZATION.
STUDY THE AREAS IN WHICH HE HAS OPERATED.
E. REVIEW ALL RECENT TRAVEL OF THE SUBJECT.
F. STUDY THE SUEJECT’S PERSONAL BELONGINGS.
-Q
G. REVIEW RELATED INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM OTHER
SOURCES.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
-v
H-IS H. WITHIN SECURITY LIMITATIONS, CIRCULATE THE
SU8JECT’S 8IO—DATA TO OTHER INTERESTED AGENCIES WITHA
REQUEST FOR TAILORED REQUIRENENTS.
H—I6 I. COLLATE ALL OF THE ABOVE.
III. SPECIFIC DETAILS TO BE INCLUDED IN THE PLAN
H—l7
H-I8
H-18
H-I8
H-18
H-18
H-18
.__-._.__-._._.._____._._.____.i._._... -..._....._i_-_-_..__._.__._-_-....-_-_...-
THE PLAN SHOULD PREPARED SYSTEHATICALLY, BUT ALWAYS
ALLOW FOR REVISION AS THE “QUESTIONING“ PROGRESSES.
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT IS A CONTINUING PROCESS
AND MUST BE MODIFIED PERIODICALLY BASED UPON NEW
EVALUATIONS.
A. OBJECTIVE OF THE "QUESTIONING“
1. NHAT INFORMATION no we MANT TO OETAIN?
2. wuk 00 we FEEL THE SUBJECT HAS THIS
INFORMATION?
2. How IMPORTANT rs THIS INFORMATION?
4. HOW ca~ THIS INFORMATION ea eesr OBTAINED?
S. IF SPECIFIC GOALS CANNOT BE DISCERNED
CLEARLY. FURTHER INVESTIGATION IS NEEDED BEFORE
THE “QUESTIONING“ STARTS.
‘
6. ANY CONFUSION CONCERNING THE PURPOSE OF THE
“QUESTIONING" OR THE RELIEF THAT THE PURPOSE WILL
TAKE SHAPE AFTER THE “QUESTIONING“ IS UNDER WAY,
IS ALHOST CERTAIN TO LEAD TO AINLESSNESS AND
FAILURE.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
H-I9
H-Z0
H-Z0
H-20
H-Z0
H-Z0
H-Zl
H-Z2
H-ZZ
H-Z2
H-Z2
H-ZZ
H-Z2
8;
C.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
RESISTANCE BY THE SUBJECT
I. WHAT TYPE AND INTENSITY OF RESISTANCE IS
ANTICIPATED?
_
2. IS THE INFORMATION DAHAGING TO THE SUBJECT
IN ANY HAY?
3. CAN THE INFORMATION RE OBTAINED FRON OTHER
souacss?
'
4. WHICH TECHNIQUES WILL PROBABLY BE HOST
SUCCESSFUL IN OVERCOHING RESISTANCE?
'
-
S. WHICH RATIONALIZATION WILL BEST AID THE
SUBJECT IN OVERCOHING HIS RESISTANCE?
THE “QUESTIONING“ ROOM
1. IS THE ROOH FREE OF DISTRACTIONS?
2. ARE THE FURNISHINGS CONDUCIVE TO THE DESIRED
HOOD?
3. ARE THERE WARNING LIGHTS TO PREVENT
INTERRUPTIONS?
'
4. ARE THERE PROVISIONS FOR OUTSIDE VIEWING AND
RECORDING?
5. ARE THERE PROVISIONS FOR RESTRAINTS'IF
REQUIRED?
.
6. ARE THERE PROVISIONS FOR REFRESHHENTS IF
REQUIRED?
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
(4-23 .0.
H-Z4
H-Z4
H-Zi
_
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
THE PARTICIPANTS
1. WILL THE SUBJECT BE “QUESTIONED" ALONE OR
JOINTLY WITH OTHER SUBJECTS? SEPARATE
“QUESTIONING" INCREASES A SU8JECT’S FEELING OF
BEING CUT OFF FROH FRIENDLY AID AND PERMITS THE
USE OF A NUMBER OF TECHNIQUES THAT WOULD NOT BE
POSSIBLE OTHERWISE.
CONFRONTATION OF TWO SUBJECTS IN ORDER TO PRODUCE
ADMISSIONS IS ESPECIALLY DANGEROUS IF NOT
PRECEEDED 8Y SEPARATE “QUESTIONING“ SESSIONS
WHICH HAVE EVOKED COMPLIANCE FROM ONE OF THE
SUBJECTS.
2_ WILL THERE BE MORE THAN ONE "QUESTIONER“?
IF SO. HOW MILL THE TEAM FUNCTION? HAVE ROLES
BEEN ASSIGNED AND REHEARSED? THE "QUESTIONER"
MUST BE ABLE TO FUNCTION ON TWO LEVELS. HE MUST
ACHIEVE RAPPORT WITH THE SUBJECT BUT REMAINA
DETACHED OBSERVER, NHOLLY UNCOHHITTED AT A_DEEPER
LEVEL, NOTING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SUBJECT'S'
REACTIONS AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HIS OWN
PERFORMANCE.
3. UHAT OTHER SUPPORT MILL BE REQUIRED?
INTERPRETER. DOCTOR. PSYCHIATRIST. HATRON,
ANALYST. ETC.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
4_ HAVE POSSIBLE REASONS FUR CHANGING
"H-Z4
“QUESTIONERS“ BEEN ANTICIPATED AND PLANNED FOR?
IF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FIRST
“QUESTIONER“ AND THE SUBJECT IS DESTROYED BYA
CHANGE IN “QUESTIONERS“, THE REPLACEMENT MUST NOT
ONLY START FROM SCRATCH BUT ACTUALLY STARTS WITH
A HANDICAP. BECAUSE THE SUBJECT'S PREVIOUS
EXPOSURE TO “QUESTIONING" WILL HAVE MADE HIMA
MORE EFFECTIVE RESISTER.
‘
H-Z4 5. HAS THE “OUESTIONER“ DETERMINED HIS
BARGAINING POSITION?
H_24
b<——~HA8—lHE—#QHES¥H%&§¥“{EFAfNED“APPROVAC_FUR
_E:::I::3
AN§:§§ERCLMEQTEEHN{UES=$O>BE=USED?
H-ZS E. THE _T.IMING
H-Z6
I. WHAT IS THE ESTIMATED TIME TO ACCOMPLISH THE
OBJECTIVES OF THE “OUESTIONING“?
H-Z6 Z. HOW MUCH TIME IS AVAILABLE TO THE
"
“QUESTIONER" FOR DETENTION OF THE SUBJECT?-
H-Z6 3. HAS A COMPLETE SCHEDULE OF SESSIONS BEEN
' PLANNED? “OUESTIONING“ OF A RESISTANT SUBJECT
SHOULD BE DONE ON A VARYING SCHEDULE SO AS TO
DISRUPT HIS SENSE OF CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER.
DISORIENTATION NILL REDUCE HIS CAPACITY FOR
- RESISTANCE.
H—6
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
H-Z7
H-28
F.
1:3”
2'
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
THE TERM I NAT I ON
1. THE TERMINATION PHASE SHOULD E<E CONSIDERED
BEFORE “QUESTIONING" EVER STARTS. THE TECHNIQUES
USED AND EVEN THE OBJECTIVE OF THE “QUESTIONING“
MAY BE SHAPED BY THE PLANNED EMPLOYMENT OF THE
SUBJECT.
HA8-PE¥EHeEeE+EAE—EeREes+o~—EEEH—+HeeEEe?
0/
EEMEAEEAQEE%%é6¥Té>§Eé$éEEin1m9—
H-28 4;. WILL HE SIMPLY BE RELEASED? IF so; WILL HE
H-Z8 3,
H- Z8 Q»
—
BE ABLE TO CAUSE EMBARRASSMENT BY GOING TO THE
NEWSPAPERS OR COURTS? SPENDING THE EXTRA TIME
WITH HIM TO REPLACE HIS SENSE OF EMPTINESS WITH
NEW VALUES CAN BE 6000 INSURANCE. WILLA
QUIT—CLAIM BE OBTAINED?
4.
'
WILL HE EE TURNED OVER TO ANOTHER SERVICE?
IF so. HOLD TO A MINIMUM THE INFORMATION ABOUT
voun SERVICE AND YOUR METHODS THAT HE CAN
COMMUNICATE.
"
5. rs OPERATIONAL USE CONTEMPLATED? How HILL
HE EE PHASED INTO THE OPERATION? IF HE IS TO BE
RETURNED TO HIS ORGANIZATION To WORK AGAINST HIS
EX-COLLEAGUES. HE MUST BE RETURNED QUICKLY SO AS
NOT TO E<E M_ISSED. HAVE RECONTACT ARRANGEMENTS
BEEN MADE? HON IS HE TO BE PAID?
H-—7
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
-
CONDUCTING THE “QUESTIONING"
IO
I-0
STRUCTURE OF THE
“QUESTIONING“
THERE ARE FOUR PHASES IN A “GUESTIONING“.
1
A.
.-
THE OPENING
A PRINCIPAL GOAL DURING THE OPENING PHASE IS TO
CONFIRM THE PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT MADE DURING
SCREENING AND TO GAIN A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING OF
THE SUBJECT. UNLESS TIME IS CRUCIAL, THE SUBJECT
IS ALLOWED TO TALK WITHOUT INTERRUPTION. HE MAY
REVEAL SIGNIFICANT FACTS NHICH MERE PREVIOUSLY
OVERLOOKED.
.
-
A SECOND GOAL IS TO ESTABLISH RAPPORT. A LACK OF
RAPPORT MAY CAUSE A SUBJECT TO NITHHOLD
INFORMATION THAT HE WOULD HAVE PROVIDED FREELY.
ESTABLISHING
RAPPORT MAY INDUCE A SUBJECT WHO IS
DETERMINED TO HITHHOLD INFORMATION TO CHANGE HIS_
ATTITUDE. THE
'OUESTIONER“ SHOULD NOT BE
DISSUADED FROM THE EFFORT TO ESTABLISH RAPPORT BY
THE BELIEF THAT NO MAN IN HIS RIGHT MIND WOULD
INCRIMINATE
HIMSELF. THE HISTORY OF
“QUESTIONING" IS FULL OF CONFESSIONS AND
SELF—INCRIMINATIONS.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
-\
E
OF THE SUBJECT IS INVOLVED. HOSTILITY FROH
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
THE “QUESTIONER“ SHOULD REMAIN BUSINESS-LIKE BUT
ALSO FRIENDLY. HE SHOULD AVOID BEING DRAWN
A CONFLICT OF PERSONALITIES WHERE THE SELF-
SUBJECT IS BEST HANDLED BY A CALH INTEREST IN
UHAT HAS AROUSED HIH, i.e. “WHY DON'T YOU TEL
WHAT HAS MADE YOU ANGRY?“
INTO
STEEH
THE
L NE
DURING THE OPENING PHASE THE “QUESTIONER“ TRIES
TO DETERNINE THE CAUSE FOR ANY RESISTANCE BY
SUBJECT. USUALLY, IT IS FOR ONE OF FOUR REAS
1) A SPECIFIC NEGATIVE REACTION TO THE
“OUESTIONER“.
2) RESISTANCE
"av NATURE“ TO ANY COMPLIANCE
AUTHORITY.
"
Z) INFORMATION SOUGHT IS DAHAGING OR
INCRIHINATING.
4) IDEOLOGICAL RESISTANCE BECAUSE OF A BELIEF
A CAUSE.
~'
THE
“OUESTIONER“ WHO SENSES DURING THE OPENING
PHASE THAT HE IS HEARING A COVER STORY SHOULD
RESIST THE NATURAL IMPULSE TO DENONSTRATE ITS
FALSITY. IT IS BETTER TO LEAVE AN AVENUE OF
ESCAPE, A MEANS BY WHICH THE SUBJECT CAN CORRE
HIS STORY WITHOUT LOOKING FOOLISH.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
THE
ONS
WITH
IN
CT
an
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
IF IT IS DECIDED TO CONFRONT THE SUBJECT
L‘-IITH
PROOF OF LYING LATER DURING THE “QUESTIONING". IT
SHOULD BE DONE IN A MANNER SIMILAR TO CROSS
EXAMINATION IN COURT. FOR INSTANCE, A WITNESS
WOULD BE CDNFRONTED WITH A LIE IN SUCH A WAY THAT
HE COULD NEITHER DENY IT NOR EXPLAIN IT- IF YOU
HAD A LETTER MRITTEN av A k-JITNESS"IN WHICH HE
TAKES THE OPPOSITE POSITION cm SOMETHING HE HAS
JUST SUORN TO. YOU WOULD NOT JUST READ IT TO HIM
4
WITH THE INQUIRY. “WHAT DO YOU HAVE TO SAY TO
THAT?“ THE CORRECT METHOD WOULD BE TO LEAD THE
WITNESS INTO REPEATING THE STATEMENTS WHICH HIS
LETTER CONTRADICTS. THEN READ THE LETTER TO HIM
LJITHOUT ALLOWING HIM TO EXPLAIN.
HOW LONG THE OPENING PHASE CONTINUES DEPENDS UPON
HON LONG IT
TAP-'ES TO ESTABLISH RAPPORT OR TO
DETERMINE THAT COOPERATION IS UNOBTAINABLE.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
I-S
I-4
-\
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
n’
THE RECONNAISSQNCE
IF RAPPORT HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED nwo THE SUBJECT
15 COOPERATIVE, THEN THIS PHASE CAN BE 8YPA$5ED_
BUT IF HE IS NITHHOLDING, THE PURPOSE OF THE
RECDNNAISSANCE 1s TO PROBE THE CAUSES, EXTENT,
AND INTENSITY OF HIS RESISTANCE T0 DETERMINE THE
KIND AND DEGREE OF PRESSURE THAT WILL BE NEEDED
DURING THE THIRD PHASE.
TWO DANGERS ARE LIKELY TO APPEAR DURING THE
RECONNAISSANCE. UNTIL NOW THE “QUESTIONER“ HAS
NOT CONTINUED A LINE OF QUESTIONING WHEN
RESISTANCE HAS HET, BUT NOW, AS HE KEEPS COMING
BACK TO QREQS OF SENSITIVITY, RAPPORT MAY BE
STRAINED AND THE SUBJECT HAY ATTEMPT TO
PERSONQLIZE THE CONFLICT. THE "OUESTIONER“ MUST
RESIST THIS ATTEMPT.
THE SECOND DANGER IS THE NATURAL INCLINATION TO
RESORT TO RUSES TO GET THE “DUESTIONING" OVER
WITH IN A HURRY. THE PURPOSE OF THE
RECONNAISSQNCE IS TO PROBE. THE "QUESTIONER‘
SHOULD RESERVE HIS FIRE—POUER UNTIL HE KNOWS WHAT
HE IS UP AGAINST.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
I-6
I-7
I-B
I-9
I-10
I-ll
-12
I-I3
I S C
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
THE DETAILED OUESTIONING
MAJOR CONSIDERATIONS INCLUDE:
I) KNOW WHAT THE SPECIFIC REQUIRENENTS ARE AND
NHAT QUESTIONS YOU WANT TO USE.
Z) KEEP THE OUESTIONING FOCUSED ON THE
REQUIREMENTS.
3) COVER ALL ELEMENTS OF WHO, WHAT. WHEN.
MHERE, NHY, How.
-
4) DETERHINE IF THE SUBJECT’S KNOWLEDGE IS
FIRST HAND, LEARNED INDIRECTLY, OR NERELY
ASSUHPTION. IF LEARNED INDIRECTLY, OBTAIN
~
IDENTITIES OF SUB—SOURCES. IF ASSUNPTION, GET
THE FACTS UPON UHICH IT IS BASED.
S) CONTINUE TO REEXAHINE THE SUEJECT’S
BIOGRAFHIC HISTORY. OVER AND OVER. IN MORE AND
_
MORE DETAIL.
6) COVER GAPS OR DISCREPANCIES NOTED IN
PREVIOUS SESSIONS.
-
7) HARE NOTES OF TOPICS TO BE EXPLORED LATER.
THEY TEND TO DISRUPT THE PLAN IF COVERED AS THEY
POP UP.
B) EXPECT THE SU8JECT’S PSYCHOLOGICAL CONDITION
TO UARY~PERIODICALLY AND VARY YOUR TECHNIQUE
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
I-
14
I-1S
IS
16
17
_
1-1s
19
Z0
[~20
-Q
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
'9) FROM THE BEGINNING TO THE END 0F THE
"euesrroume" MAIIIIE THE SUBJECT FEEL THAT Youa
INTEREST m HIM HAS REMAINED cowsmm.
THINES TO AVOID DURING THE DETAILED QUESTIONING:
1) DO NOT ALLOW THE SUBJECT TO DETERMINE YOUR
EXACT AREA OF INTEREST.
Z) DO NOT ALLOW THE SUBJECT TO DETERMINE THE
EXTENT OF YOUR KNOWLEDGE.
3) DO NOT GIVE THE'SUBJECT A LIST OF QUESTIONS
AND ASK HIM TO ANSWER THEM.
4) DO NOT ASK QUESTIONS REQUIRING “YES” OR "NO"
ANSWERS.
S) DO NOT PUSH THE “QUESTIONING" BEYOND THE
RATE PLANNED. REMEMBER. TIME IS ON YOUR SIDE.
OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
IDEOLOGICAL ARGUMENT -
"QUESTIONER‘ SHOULD BE PREPARED TO DISCUSS
PRINCIPLES OF AND OFFER VALID ALTERNATIVES TO
IDEOLOGY THAT MOTIVATED THE SUBJECT TO SELECT
PARTICULAR COURSE OF ACTION. THE PURPOSE OF
THIS DISCUSSION IS NOT TD PROVE THE SUBJECT NRONG
THE
THE
THE
HIS
BUT TO PROVIDE HIH WITH REASONS WHICH HE CAN USE
TO JUSTIFY TO HIMSELF FOR CHANGING SIDES.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
EARGAINING
HAVING THE PROPER APPROVAL TO BARGAIN WITH THE
SUBJECT. TO BE ABLE TO OFFER HIM SOMETHING IN
EXCHANGE FOR HIS COOPERATION CAN SAVE WEEKS OF
EFFORT. PRIOR TO CONDUCTING THE "QUESTIONING
,
THE “OUESTIONER" MUST BE VERY SURE AS TO WHAT
OFFERS MAY BE MADE AND WHAT MAY NOT.
EXAMPLES OF WHAT THE SUBJECT MAY ASK:
1)
Z)
3)
4
WHAT CAN YOU DO FOR HIM IF HE COOPERATES?
WHAT MILL HAPPEN TO HIM IF HE DOES NOT?
CAN YOU PROTECT HIM FROM RETALIATION?
EXAMPLES OF OFFERS THE "OUESTIONER" CAN MAKE:
1)
I)
3)
4)
PROTECTION "
NEH IDENTITY
RELOCATION TO ANOTHER COUNTRY
CHANCE TO UORK AGAINST FORMER COLLEAGUES
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
—
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
THREATS
A THREAT IS BASICALLY A MEANS FOR ESTABLISHINGA
BARGAINING FOSTION BY INDUCING FEAR IN THE
SUBJECT. A THREAT SHOULD NEVER BE MADE UNLESS IT
IS PART OF THE PLAN AND THE “QUESTIONER“ HAS THE ;
I
APPROVAL TO CARRY OUT THE THREAT. WHEN A THREAT ,
IS USED. IT SHOULD ALWAYS BE IMPLIED THAT THE ;
l
SUBJECT HIMSELF IS TO BLAME BY USING WORDS SUCH
AS, “YOU LEAVE ME NO OTHER CHOICE BUT TO ....“
HE SHOULD NEVER BE TOLD TO COMPLY “OR ELSE!“
EXAMPLES OF THREATS:
1) TURN HIM OVER TO LOCAL AUTHORITIES FOR LEGAL
ACTION
2) RETURN HIM T0 HIS ORGANIZATION AFTER
comeaonrsxws HIM
-
P 1c exéosuas
_
'
3) UBL
P
_\
,- .
t"r‘.~,:..'-" ‘ZWC
'
4) DEFRIVATION or P?
T°’“
(-39 C‘-QP. <;'r‘-‘Z2
5) DEPORTATION
6» CONFISCATION OF PROPERTY -
?=::PHYSf€ttvTGEENCE
-/
\
I-8
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
-Z3 D. 'TRE TERflIHAT1GN
THE DISFCSITICN CF THE SLPJECT HUST SE FL33QQ
m
H1 ‘Fl
CEE TFE "CUESTIGBZHS" EYES ET#QTS. EE 125$ TU
‘HH
an
'1 CCHSICER éLL THE
1 ‘TS CGZESED UYDER "THE
TERMINATION“ DURZHG THE LEEEQN fl FL;flNIHG_
'
-you ;1!_!ST sumo -Ac-an.-sr .1-<v F'I='ESIE'-LE TFOL-E<LE
_c.:usa0 av A ‘-‘E.‘.=EEFUL_ SUE-I-JECT. THE assr CEFE‘-‘SE
-
IS PREVENTION. THROUGH ENLISTMENT OR CGKFRGHISE.
THE DETAILED OUESTIGNING ENDS ONLY £HEN:
-I4
-
1) YOU HAVE OBTAINED ALL USEFUL INFORMATION.
_
\
-:5 2) YOU HGVE MORE PRESSINGQRECUIRERENTS.
-Z6 E) YOU QRE REQDY TO ADHIT DEFEAT.
III. CONCLUSION
REKEFEEE. THE "DUESTIGYER" QLHGYS HAS THE.QDU£NT#GE ZN
A "DUESTZONIWG". HE LLOQS MORE ABOUT THE SUSJECT THQN
THE SUBJECT PNOMS QEOUT HIM. HE CREATES, hODIFIES~
AHFLIFIES, QHD TERHINATES THE SU8JECT’S ENVIRONMENT;
HE SELECTS THE EHOTICNQL KEYS UNDER UHICH THE_
"DUESTIONING" WILL PROCEED. THE SUBJECT IS QCUTELY‘
NARE THAT THE "DUESTIGNER" CONTROLS HIS ULTINATE
DISPOSITION.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
K02
\ I-
K-I
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
NON-COERC I VE TECHNIQUES
GENERAL
A. SUBJECTS MAKE ADNISSIONS OR CONFESSONS BECAUSE
THEY ARE IN A STATE OF HIND WHICH LEADS THEN TO
BELIEVE THAT COOPERATION IS THE BEST COURSE OF ACTION
FOR THEN TO FOLLOW. THE EFFECTIVE USE OF THE PROPER
“QUESTIONING“ TECHNIQUE WILL AID IN DEVELOPING THIS
STATE OF FIIND.
-
8. ALL NON-COERCIVE "OUESTIONING" TECHNIQUES ARE
BASED ON THE PRINCIPLE OF GENERATING PRESSURE INSIDE
THE SUBJECT WITHOUT THE APPLICATION OF OUTSIDE FORCE.
THIS IS A-CCOI“1F‘LISHED BY HANIFULATING HIF1
FSYCHOLOGICALLY UNTIL HIS RESISTANCE IS SAPPED AND HIS
URGE TO YIELD IS FORTIFIED. .
C. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HOST “QUESTIONING'_‘
TECHNIQUES DEPENDS UPON THEIR UNSETTLING EFFECT. THE
"QUESTIONING" PROCESS ITSELF IS UNSETTLING TO HOST
PEOPLE ENCOUNTERING IT FOR THE FIRST TIME. THE
"OUESTIONER" ‘FRIES TO ENHANCE THIS EFFECT. TO DISRUPT
RAOICALLY THE FAHILIAR EMOTIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL
ASSOCIATIONS CF THE SUBJECT.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
D. ONCE THIS
DISRUPTION
IS ACHIEVED. THE SUBJECT’5
I
RESISTANCE IS SERIOUSLY
IMPAIRED. HE EXPERIENCESA
KIND OF PSYCHOLOGICAL
SHOCK, WHICH HAY ONLY LAST
BRIEFLY. BUT DURING WHICH HE IS FAR MORE OPEN TO
SUGGESTION AND FAR LIKELIER TO COMPLY, THAN HE WAS
BEFORE HE EXPERIENCED THE SHOCK.
E.
FREQUENTLY THE SUBJECT WILL EXPERIENCE A FEELING
OF GUILT. IF THE
“OUESTIONER“ CAN INTENSIFY THESE
GUILT FEELINGS, IT WILL INCREASE THE SUBJECT'S
ANXIETY AND HIS URGE TO COOPERATE AS A MEANS OF ESCAPE
F. THE INITIAL ADVANTAGE ALWAYS LIES WITH THE
“QUESTIONER“. FROM THE OUTSET, HE KNOWS A GREAT DEAL
MORE ABOUT THE SUBJECT THAN THE SUBJECT KNOWS ABOUT
HIM. HE IS ABLE TO MANIPULATE THE SUBJECT’S
ENVIRONMENT, TO CREATE UNPLEASANT
OR:$N$OC££d§?
SITUATIONS,
T9—8iSEUBl>RAllERNS;OR_ll&E;:SRAGE¥=ANB
SENSGR¥=REBCEPI4QN.
THE SUBJECT IS VERY MUCH AWARE
THAT THE
"QUESTIONER“ CONTROLS HIS ULTIMATE DISPOSITON
G. THE NUMBER OF VARIATIONS IN TECHNIQUES IS LIMITED
ONLY BY THE EXPERIENCE AND IMAGINATION OF THE
“OUESTIONER". THE SUCCESS AND SKILL OF AN EXPERIENCED
"OUESTIONER“ LIE TN HIS ABILITY TO MATCH THE TECHNIQUE
SELECTED TO THE PERSONALITY OF THE SUBJECT AND HIS
RAPID EXPLOITATION
AT THE MOMENT OF SHOCK.
J—2
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
H;’ THE “OUESTlONER' SHOULD NO? TRY VARIOUS
TECHNIQUES UNTIL us FINDS ens TRAT weeks. THE use up
UNSUCCESSFUL TECHNIQUES WILL IN ITSELF INCREASE THE
SUB§ECT'S QILL AND ABILITY TO RESIST.
I, IF IN THE OPINION OF THE “UU€8TIONER“, A SUBJECT
HRS.THE HILL AND DETERMINATION TO UIIHSTAND ALL
-
new-cnsnczve TECHNIQUES, :1 zs serves ro nvolb THEM
couruswenv.
7
TECHIQUEB
.
A. THE DIRECT AP?ROACH
THE “QUESTIDNER' MAKES NO €FFORT TO CONCEAL THE
PURPOSE OF THE 'OUESTIONING' 8ECUSE HE FEELS THE
SUBJECT.WILL OFFER LITTLE OR N0 RESISTANCE. ITS
ADVANTAGE IS THAT IT IS SIMPLE AND TAKES LITTLE
TIME. IT HAS PROVEN EFFECTIVE WITH LOU LEVEL
sauncse wzru LITTLE on wo secuaxrv Tanxuxws. xv
xa auso uses uxru a suaaecr wuo was PROvEN_
COOPERATIVE DURING A PREVIOUS QEQSION.
v_,
9.
1 earns ~sxr'ooon
‘
OCCASIONQLQY THE INFORMATION NEEOED FROHA
REQISTANT SUBJECT IS OBTAINQBLE FROH ANOTHOR
O
an
HORE HILLING SOURCE. THE “QUE$TIDER“ HST
DECIDE NHETH€R THE INFORMATION ITSELF I5 HIS GOQL
on WHETHER A CONFESSION I9 ESSENTIAL FOR
OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS.-
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
‘(-4
C.
K-5 D.
-n
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
1
NOBODY LOVES YO
A SUBJECT WHO IS WITHHOLDING INFORMATION OF NO
GRAVE CONSEQUENCE TO HIMSELF MAY SONETIHES BE
PERSUADED TO TALK BY FDINTING OUT THAT EVERYTHING
CONCERNING HIS CASE HAS BEEN LEARNED FROM PERSONS
WHO HAY HE BIASED OR HALICIOUS. THE SUBJECT OWES
IT TO HIHSELF TO BE SURE THE "QUESTIONER“ HEARS
BOTH SIDES OF THE STORY, OR ELSE HE HAY BE
SENTENCED ON THE TESTIMONY OF PERSONAL ENENIES
WITHOUT A WORD IN HIS OWN DEFENSE.
WE KNOW EVERYTHING
THE “QUESTIONER' EXPLAINS TO THE SUBJECT THAT HE
ALREADY KNOWS EVERYTHING, THAT THE PURPOSE OF THE
“QUESTIONING“ IS NOT TO GAIN INFORMATION, aur TO
TEST THE SINCERITY (HONOR, RELIABILITY, ETC.) OF
THE SUBJECT. THE “QUESTIONER“ THEN ASKS
QUESTIONS BASED ON KNOWN DATA. IF THE SUBJECT
LIES. HE IS INFORMED FIRHLY AND DISPASSIONATELY
_
THAT HE HAS LIED.
J
-4
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
A FILE OR DOSSIER CAN BE PREPARED CONTAINING ALL
AVAILABLE INFORHATION CONCERNING THE SUBJECT OR
HIS ORGANIZATION. IT CAN BE PADDED WITH EXTRA
PAPER, IF NECESSARY, TO GIVE THE ILLUSION THAT IT
CONTAINS NORE DATA THAN IS ACTUALLY THERE. IT
SHOULD HAVE INDEX TABS SUCH AS: “EDUCATION,
"EMPLOYMENT", “CRIMINAL RECORD“. "MILITARY
seavrcs", ETC.
THE “QUESTIONER“ CONFRONTS THE SUBJECT WITH THE
DOSSIER AND EXPLAINS-THAT HE HAS A COMPLETE .
RECORD OF EVERY SIGNIFICANT HAPPENING IN THE
SUBJECT'S LIFE. HE HAY EVEN READ A FEW SELECTED
BITS OF INFORMATION TO FURTHER IHPRESS THE
SUBJECT.
BY HANIFULATING THE KNOWN FACTS. THE “QUESTIONER“
HAY BE ABLE TO CONVINCE A NAIVE SUBJECT THAT ALL
HIS SECRETS ARE OUT AND THAT FURTHER RESISTANCE
IS POINTLESS. HOWEVER, IF THIS TECHNIQUE DOES
NOT WORK QUICKLY, IT HUST BE DROPPED BEFORE THE
SUBJECT LEARNS THE TRUE LIMITS OF THE
“QUESTIONER’S“ KNOWLEDGE.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
K-6 __E-
_7
F.
Q
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
DOUBLE
INFORMERS
PLANTING AN INFORMANT
IN A SUBJECT'S CELL ISA
wELL—KNOwN TRICK. .LESS wELL KNONN IS THE TRICK
OF PLANTING Two INFORHANTS (A & 8) IN THE SAME
CELL. New AND THEN.
"A" TRIES T0 PRY A LITTLE
INFORMATION FROM THE SUBJECT. AT THE PROPER
TIME, AND DURING A'S ABSENCE,
"8" WARNS THE
SUBJECT NOT TO TELL
"A" ANYTHING BECAUSE
~a~
SUSPECTS HIM OF BEING AN INFORMANT.
(SUSRICION AGAINST A SINGLE INFORMANT MAY
SOMETIMES BE DISPELLED IF HE SHOWS THE SUBJECTA
HIDDEN MICROPHONE THAT HE HAS §‘FOUND" AND
SUGGESTS THAT THEY TALK ONLY IN l»JHISPER_S AT THE
OTHER END OF THE ROOM)
NEWS FROM HOME
ALLOWING A SUBJECT TO RECEIVE CAREFULLY SELECTED
LETTERS FROM HOME CAN HELP CREATE AN EFFECT
DESIRED
E<Y THE
"QUESTIONER“. FOR EXAMPLE, THE
SUBJECT MAY GET THE IDEA THAT HIS RELATIVES ARE
UNDER DURESS OR SUFFERING. A SUGGESTION AT THE
PROPER TIME_THAT HIS
COOF’ERATION'OR CONFESSION
CAN HELP PROTECT THE. INNOCENT MAY BE EFFECTIVE.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
-~
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
IF THE SUBJECT CAN BE LED TO SELIEVE THAT LETTERS
CAN SE SHUGGLED OUT WITHOUT THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE
AUTHORITIES. THE LETTERS HE WRITES HAY PRODUCE
INFORMATION WHICH IS DIFFICULT TO EXTRACT BY
DIRECT GUESTIONING.
THE WITNESS
1. A WITNESS CAN BE ESCORTED INTO AN INNER
OFFICE PAST THE SUBJECT IN AN OUTER OFFICE
WITHOUT ALLONING'THEH TO SPEAK TO EACH OTHER.
4
AFTER AN HOUR, A STENOGRAPHER IS CALLED IN FROH
THE OUTER OFFICE, TO GIVE THE IHPRESSION SHE IS
TAKING A STATEMENT. SHE LATER REHEHERGES AND
TYPES THE STATEMENT IN THE OUTER OFFICE.. SHE
TELEPHONES FOR SOMEONE TO CONE IN TO ACT AS LEGAL
WITNESS, AND TAKES THE COMPLETED WORK INTO THE
INNER OFFICE. THEN THE “QUESTIONER“ EHERGES AND
INSTRUCTS THE GUARD TO TAKE THE SUBJECT BACK TO
HIS CELL STATING, “WE DON'T NEED HIM ANY NORE.“
EVEN IF THE SUBJECT INSISTS ON TELLING HIS SIDE ..
OF THE STORY, HE IS TOLD TO RELAX BECAUSE THE
"QUESTIONER" WILL GET AROUND TO HIM TOMORROW OR
THE NEXT om.
' '
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
...Z.._._
i.._____
-
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
2. A COOPERATIVE WITNESS CAN SOMETIMES BE
COACHED TO EXAGGERATE THE SU8JECT'S INVOLVEMENT
OR ACCUSE HIH OF A HORSE CRIME THAN THE MATTER AT
HAND. UPON HEARING THESE REMARKS FROMA
RECORDING, A SUBJECT HAY CONFESS THE TRUTH ABOUT
THE LESSER GUILT IN ORDER TO PROVIDE HIHSELF HITH
AN ALIBI.
II. IF THE WITNESS REFUSES TO DENOUNCE THE
SUBJECT, THE "QUESTIONER" ELICITS AND RECORDS
REMARKS F-‘ROM HIM DENOUNCING SOMEONE ELSE r<~0u~ TO
HIM, FDR EXAMPLE, A CRIMINAL. wwo wAs RECENTLY
CONVICTED IN COURT. DURING THE NEXT SESSION WITH
THE SUBJECT. THESE REMARKS. EDITED AS NECESSARY,
ARE PLAYED BACK so THAT THE SUBJECT IS PERSUADED
THAT HE _IS THE SUSJECT OE THE REMARKS:
J -8
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
K-9 H.
an
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
$1
JOINT SUSPECTS (AFA DIUIDE AND CONQUER)
IF TWO OR MORE SUBJECTS ARE SUSPECTED OF JOINT
COMPLICITY. THEY SHOULD BE SEPARATED IflEDIATELY_
IF TIHE PERNITS.
“QUESTIONING“ SHOULD BE
ROSTPONED FOR ABOUT A WEEK. ANY ANXIOUS
INQUIRIES FROM ONE SUBJECT SHOULD BE NET WITHA
REPLY SUCH AS. “WE'LL GET TO YOU IN DUE TIHE.
THERE'S NO HURRY NOW!“. IF DOCUMENTS, WITNESSES,
OR OTHER SOURCES YIELD INFORMATION ABOUT SUBJECT
*8“, SUCH INFORHATION~SHOULD BE ATTRIBUTED TO
SUBJECT
"A" TO GIVE
"B" THE IHPRESSION THAT
"A"
IS TALKING.
IF THE “OUESTIONER“ IS QUITE CERTAIN OF THE FACTS
BUT CANNOT SECURE AN ADMISSION FROM EITHER
SUBJECT, A WRITTEN CONFESSION HAY BE PREPARED
WITH A’S SIGNATURE REPRODUCED ON IT. THE
'CONFESSION CONTAINS ALL THE SALIENT FACTS BUT
THEY ARE DISTORTED. IT SHOWS THAT
"A"
IS
ATTEHPTING TO THROW THE ENTIRE BLAHE ON
“B”.
_
(EDITED TAPE RECORDINGS WHICH SOUND AS IF
"A" IS
DENOUNCING
"B" CAN ALSO ACCOHPLISH THE SAflE'
PURPOSE)
THE INNER—AND—OUTER OFFICE ROUTINE HAY ALSO BE
EMPLOYED WITH
"A". THE WEAhER. BEING BROUGHT INTO
THE INNER OFFICE. AND GIVING
"B"
IN THE OUTER
OFFICE THE IHFRESSION HE IS TALhING.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
K-IO I.
-
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
WHEN THE
“OUESTIONER“
IS FAIRLY CERTAIN THAT "8"
IS CONVINCED THAT
"A" HAS BROKEN DOWN AND TOLD
HIS STORY HE TELLS
"B", “SINCE
"A" HAS COOPERATED
u1TH us, HE WILL BE RELEASED, BUT IT SEEHS THAT
HE wAs PRETTY ANGRY WITH You AND FEELS THAT You
GOT HIH INTO THIS JAH. HE MIGHT EVEN so BACK T0
YOUR SUPERIORS AND sAY THAT YOU HAVEN'T RETURNED
BECAUSE You HAvE DECIDED To STAY HERE AND Hoax
FOR us. NOULDN’T IT EE BETTER FOR YOU IF 1 sET
YOU BOTH FREE TOGETHER? wOULDN'T IT BE BETTER TO
TELL HE YOUR SIDE OF THE STORY?“
IT IS IMPORTANT THAT IN ALL SUCH GAHBITS,
THE WEAKER OF THE TWO, EHOTIONALLY AND
"A" BE
PSYCHOLOGICALLY.
“
~
JOINT
“OUESTIONERS“ (AKA FRIEND AND FOE)
THE COHNONEST OF THE JOINT "OUESTIONERS'
TECHNIQUES IS THE “FRIEND AND FOE“ ROUTINE. THE
TWO “QUESTIONERS“ DISPLAY OPPOSING PERSONALLTIES
AND ATTITUDES TOWARD THE SUBJECT. FOR EXAHPLE
'
THE FIRST “QUESTIONER“ DISPLAYS AN UNSYHPATHETIC
ATTITUDE TOWARD THE SUBJECT. HE HAY BE BRUTAL,
ANGRY. OR DOHINEERING. HE MAKES IT PLAIN THAT HE
CONSIDERS THE SUBJECT THE VILEST PERSON ON EARTH.
HIS GOAL IS TO ALIENATE THE SUBJECT. AT THE
HEIGHT OF THE ALIENATION. THE SECOND “OUESTIONER'
TAKES OVER. SENDING THE FIRST OUT OF THE ROON.
.I
—
I
(1
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
THE SECOND “QUESTIONER" THEN DISPLAYSA
SYNPATHETIC ATTITUDE TONARD THE SUBJECT, PERHAPS
OFFERING HIM COFFEE AND A CIGARETTE. HE EXPLAINS
THAT THE ACTIONS OF THE FIRST "QUESTIONER“ WERE
LARGELY THE RESULT OF HIS LACK OF KNOWLEDGE IN
DEALING WITH PEOPLE AND LACK OF uumnu
seusflzvxrv. IF ERUTES LIKE THAT w0u1_1;> KEEP
QUIET AND GIVE A HAN A FAIR CHANCE TO TELL HIS
SIDE OF THE STORY, ETC., ETC.
THE SUBJECT IS NORNALLY INCLINED TO HAVEA
FEELING OF GRATITUDE TOWARDS THE SECOND
“QUESTIONER“, WHO CONTINUES TO DISPLAYA
SYHPATHETIC ATTITUDE IN AN EFFORT TO ENHANCE THE
RAPPORT FOR THE “QUESTIONING“ WHICH WILL FOLLOW.
IF THE SU8JECT’S COOPERATIVENESS BEGINS TO FADE,
THE SECOND “QUESTIONER" CAN STATE THAT HE CANNOT
AFFORD TO WASTE TIME ON SOURCES WHO FAIL TO
COOPERATE AND IHFLY THAT THE FIRST “OUESTIONER“
NIGHT RETURN TO CONTINUE THE "QUESTIONING“.
WHEN THIS TECHNIQUE IS EMPLOYED AGAINST THE
'
PROPER SOURCE. IT WILL NORHALLY GAIN THE SOURCE’S
COMPLETE COOPERATION. IT WORKS BEST WITH WOMEN.
I
I
.
TEENAGERS. AND TIHID HEN.
J -11
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
'7
x-11
J.
K.
.-
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
IVAN IS A DOPE
IT MAY BE USEFUL TO POINT OUT TO A SUBJECT THAT
HIS COVER STORY NAS ILL CONTRIVED, THAT HIS
ORGANIZATION
BOTCHED THE JOB. THAT IT IS TYPICAL
OF HIS ORGANIZATION TO IGNORE THE WELFARE OF ITS
MEMBERS. THE 'OUESTIONER“ EXPLAINS THAT HE HAS
BEEN IMPRESSED BY THE SUBJECT’S COURAGE AND
INTELLIGENCE AND BLAMES THE SU8JECT'5 SUPERIORS
FOR THE FIX HE IS IN. HE SELLS THE SUBJECT ON
THE IDEA THAT HE IS A TRUE FRIEND, WHO
UNDERSTANDS THE SUBJECT AND HILL LOOK AFTER HIS
WELFARE.
UNANSHERABLE QUESTIONING
A SUBJECT IS SYSTEMATICALLY AND PERSISTENTLY
QUESTIONED ABOUT MATTERS OF HIGH POLICY, PERSONS
OF PROMINENCE. TECHNICAL DETAIL. ETC., FOR WHICH
HE DOES NOT KNOW THE ANSWER. FOR EXQPLEy HE MAY
BE ASKED ABOUT KGB POLICY, THE RELATION OF_THE
SERVICE TO ITS GOVERNMENT, ITS LIAISON
'
ARRANGEMENTS. ETC. NHEN HE COMPLAINS THAT HE
KNOWS NOTHING OF SUCH MATTERS, THE “QUESTIONER“
INSISTS THAT HE WOULD HAVE TO KNOW, THAT EVEN THE
MOST STUPID MEN IN HIS POSITION KNOW. EVENTUALLY
THE SUBJECT IS ASKED A QUESTION TO WHICH HE DOES
KNOW THE ANSNER. AND HE FEELS TREMENDOUS RELIEF
AT
BEING ABLE TO ANSWER THE QUESTION.
J—I2
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
-13 L.
an
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
NONSENSE
OUESTIONING
TWO OR MORE
"OUESTIONERS" ASK THE SUBJECT
QUESTIONS
WHICH SEEM
STRAIGHTFORNARD
BUT WHICH
ARE ILLOGICAL AND HAVE NO PATTERN.
ANY ATTEMPTED
RESPONSE BY THE SUBJECT IS INTERRUPTED
BY
ADDITIONAL
UNRELATED QUESTIONING.
IN THIS
STRANGE
ATMOSPHERE THE SUBJECT FINDS THAT THE
PATTERN OF THOUGHT WHICH HE HAS LEARNED TO
CONSIDER
NORMAL IS
REPLACED BY AN EERIE
MEANINGLESSNESS.
AT FIRST HE MAY REFUSE TO TAKE THE QUESTIONING
SERIOUSLY.
BUT AS THE PROCESS CONTINUES DAY AFTER
DAY. IT BECOMES MENTALLY INTOLERABLE
AND HE
BEGINS TO TRY TO MAKE SENSE OUT OF THE
SITUATION.
CERTAIN
TYPES OF VERY ORDERLY AND LOGICAL
SUBJECTS BEGIN TO DOUBT THEIR SANITY AND IN THEIR
ATTEMPTS TO CLARIFY THE CONFUSION MAKE
SIGNIFICANT
ADMISSIONS AND BETRAY VALUABLE
INFORMATION.
J—\3
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
K-I4 H. RAPID FIRE OUESTIONING
THE SUBJECT IS ASKED A SERIES OF QUESTIONS IN
SUCH A MANNER THAT HE DOES NOT HAVE TIME TO
ANSWER COMPLETELY BEFORE THE NEXT QUESTION IS
ASKED. BY LIMITING THE TIME HE HAS TO FORMULATE
HIS ANSWERS, HE MAY BECOME CONFUSED AND
CONTRADICT HIMSELF. THE “QUESTIONER“ THEN
CONFRONTS HIM WITH THESE INCONSISTENCIES AND IN
MANY INSTANCES. HE WILL BEGIN TO TALK FREELY IN
AN ATTEMPT TO EXPLAIN HIMSELF AND NEGATE THE
"QUESTIONER’S“ CLAIM OF INCONSISTENCIES- IN
ATTEMPTING TO EXPLAIN HIS ANSWERS, HE IS LIKELY
TO REVEAL MORE THAN HE INTENDED.
III. CONCLUSION
IT MAY BE NECESSARY FOR THE "OUESTIONER“ TO USE SEVERAL
TECHNIQUES TOGETHER OR IN SUCCESSION. HE SHOULD DECIDE
DURING THE PLANNING STAGE WHICH TECHNIQUES MATCH THE
PERSONALITY OF THE SUBJECT AND OF THESE, WHICH WILL WORK
WELL TOGETHER. HE MUST BE PREPARED TO MAKE A SMOOTH
T
TRANSITION FROM ONE TECHNIQUE TO ANOTHER AS THE SUBJECT'S
WEAKNESSES BECOME APPARENT DURING THE “QUESTIONING'.
J—l4
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
II.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
CHECILIST FOR THE “OUESTIONING"
OBJECTIVES OF THE “QUESTIONING“
A_ WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE "OUESTIONING“?
8. IS THIS A VALID REASON FOR “QUESTIONING“?
C. IS THIS “OUESTIONING“ NECESSARY OR CAN THE
INFORMATION BE OBTAINED FROM OTHER SOURCES?
LIMITATIONS ON CONDUCTING THE "OUESTIONING“
A. IS THE SUBJECT TO BE ARRESTED? BY WHOM? IS THE
ARREST LEGAL? IF DIFFICULTIES DEVELOP, WILL THE
ARRESTING LIAISON SERVICE REVEAL YOUR INTEREST OR ROLE?
8. IF THE SUBJECT IS TO BE DETAINED, HON.LONG HAY HE
LEGALLY BE DETAINED?
C. HAVE ALL LOCAL LAUS AFFECTING THE CONDUCT OFA
JOINT OR UNILATERAL EXFLOITATION BEEN COMPILED AND
cowsroeaso?
'
_
_
L—l
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
ASSESSMENT OF THE SUBJECT
_..-....._..-__._.__.___..-_--..._...--~»—-*""'
A, HAS A|_1_ AUAILABLE AND FERTINENT INFORMATION ABQUT
THE SUBJECT BEEN ASSENBLED AND STUDIED?
B. HAVE ALL AFFROFRIATE DOCUMENTS CARRIED BY THE
SUBJECT BEEN SUBJECTED TO TECHNICAL ANALYSIS?
C. HAVE BACKGROUND CHECKS AND TRACES BEEN RUN ON THE
SUBJECT AND PERSONS CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH HIN BY
EMOTIONAL, FAMILY OR BUSINESS TIES?
D. HAVE THE SUBJECT’S BONA FIDES BEEN VERIFIED?
E. HAS THE SUBJECT BEEN SCREENED7 WHAT ARE HIS
MAJOR PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS? IN WHICH OF THE
NINE MAJOR CATEGORIES DOES HE BELONG?
F. IS IT ANTICIPATED THAT THE SUBJECT NICL BE
COOPERATIVE OR RESISTANT? IF RESISTANCE IS EXPECTED,
WHAT IS ITS PROBABLE SOURCE: FEAR, PATRIOTISN,
POLITICAL CONVICTIONS, RELIGIOUS CONVICTIONS,
STUBBORNESS, PERSONAL CONSIDERATIONS?
G. HAS THE SUBJECT BEEN "OUESTIONED" PREVIOUSLY? IS
HE KNOWLEDGEABLE ABOUT SOFHISTICATED HOSTILE
“QUESTIONING" TECHNIQUES?
-n
x
L~2
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
F‘LAi'<'N INS THE
"
QUEST I ON I NG“
A, HAS A PLAN eszzrl
F'F'EF“‘F\'ED'=’
9_ [F THE QUBJECT IS TO BE SENT TO A SSSCIAL
FACILITY. HAS THE APPROVAL OF THE FACILITY CHIEF BEEN
OBTAINED?
C. IF THE SUBJECT IS TO BE DETAINED ELSENHERE, i.e.
A SAFEHOLISE, HAVE ARRANGEMENTS BEEN MADE TO FEED. BED,
AND GUARD HIM AS NECESSARY?
D.
, IS AN
AF‘F'ROF‘RIATE SETTING FOR THE
“C1L.'ESTIOf-IING“
AVAILABLE?
E. IS THE ENVIRONMENT WHERE THE SUBJECT IS TO BE
DETAINED AND "OUESTIONED“ FULLY UNDER YOUR MANIFULATON
Ar.=D CONTROL?
‘
F. ‘JILL THE DETENTION AND "'OUESTIONING" FACILITIES
BE AVAILABLE FOR THE ENTIRE TIME ESTIMATED AS
NECESSARY TO COMPLETE THE EXPLOITATION7-‘
G. MILL THE SESSIONS BE RECORDED OR VIDEO TAFED? IS
Q
THE EQUIPMENT AVAILABLE AND INSTALLED?
' \'
H. IF THE
"OUESTIONINC-3" IS TO BE CONDUCTED JOINTLY
WITH A ‘LIAISON SERVICE, HAS DUE CONSIDERATION
E’-EEN
GIVEN TO THE OPPORTUNITY THUS AFFORDED TO ACOUIRE
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THAT SERVICE WHILE
HINIMIZING EXPOSURE OF YOUR OWN SERVICE?
A
L—3
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
I.
J.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
01335
1';-(E "r_1,uESTIC'NER"
i"1EET THE FOLLOHING CRITERIA:
,1.
2’.
~
-_‘4
A
I
4
ACECUATE
TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE?
FAHILIARITY uxru THE LANGUAGE TO as USED?
KNOWLEDGE 0? eeosaneuxcnp nun CULTURAL AREAS?
PSYCHOLOGICAL
UNDERSTANDING OF THE SUBJECT?
IF NORE THAN ONE “OUESIXONERU IS CALLED FOR IN
THE PLAN, HAVE ROLES BEEN ASSIGNED AND SCHEDULES
PREPARED?‘
.
'
K. WHICH TECHNIQUES HAVE BEEN SELECTED FOR USE WITH
THE suaaecrv
,~'
—\
1. HOW WELL DO THEY MATCH THE SUBJECT'S
PERSONALITY?
’1
J.-
a
IS SOLITARY CONFINEHENT TO BE USED? DOES
THE PLACE OF CONFINEHENT PERMIT THE ELIMINATION
OF SENSORY STINULI7
'1'
._-,
<
ARE THREATS TO BE USED? AS PART OF A PLAN?
DOES THE NATURE OF THE THREAT MATCH THE
PERSONALITY OF THE SUBJECT?
4. nae coéacxve TECHNIQUES TO BE usso? HAVE
ALL SUPERVISORS IN YOUR DIRECT CHAIN OF CONNANO
BEEN NOTIFIED ANO GIVEN APPROVAL? HAS
HEADQUARTERS GIVEN APPROVAL?
L
-4
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Approved for Release: 2023/0'6/28 C00107398
v--
CONDUCTING THE “OUESTIONING“
A. DURING THE OPENING FHASE, IS THERE AN EHOTICHAL
_REACTION ON EITHER YOUR PART OR THAT OF THE
SQEJECT
WHICH IS STRONG ENOUGH TO DISTORT THE RESULTS?
IF SO
CAN YOU BE REPLACED WITH ANOTHER “OUESTIONER“?
'
R. DOES YOUR IMFRESSION OF THE SUBJECT CONFIRM OR
CONFLICT WITH THE PRELIMINARY
ASSESSMENT? IF THERE
ARE SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES, HOW DO THEY AFFECT THE
PLAN FOR THE REMAINDER OF THE “OUESTIONING“?
I
c. HAS RAPPORT BEEN ESTABLISHED?
0. HAVE _THE_SUE<JECT'S
EYES, moum, VOICE, sesmm-:5,
SILENCES, ETC. SUGGESTED AREAS OF SENSITIVITY?
IF SO,
ON UHAT TOPICS?
E. HAS THE OPENING PHASE BEEN FOLLOWED 8VA
RECONNAISANCE?
1. WHAT ARE THE KEY AREAS OF RESISTANCE?
Z. WHAT TECHNIQUES AND HON MUCH PRESSURE WILL
BE REQUIRED TO OVERCOME THE RESISTANCE?
3. ‘SHOULD THE ESTIMATED DURATION OF THE
"OUESTIONING“
BE REVISED?
4. ARE FURTHER ARRANGEMENTS
NECESSARY FOR
T
CONTINUED DETENTION, LIAISON SUFRORT OR OTHER
PURPOSES?
L—S
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
VI.
VII
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
F, IF THE $1_lB.JECT IS SUSPECTED OF HALINGERING. ARE
THE SERVICES OF AN EXPERT AVAILABLE?
G. IF THE SUBJECT HAS ADHITTED PRIOR ASSOCIATION
WITH A FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SERVICE. HAVE FULL DETAILS
BEEN OBTAINED AND REPORTED?
H. ARE REPORTS BEING MADE AFTER EACH SESSION?
TERHINATING THE “OUESTIONING"
A. HAVE THE _OE<JECTI_VES OF THE “QUESTIONING“ BEEN MET?
4
.
B.
.HA-S A COMPREHENSIVE SUFINARY REPORT BEEN PREPARED?
C. HAVE ADMISSIONS BY THE SUBJECT BEEN RESEARCHED
AND VERIFIED?
'
D. IF DECEPTION IS DETECTED
- RESU-"1E THE.
"QUESTIONING"!
EXPLO I TAT I ON AND O I SPOSAL
A. WHAT DISPOSITION OF THE SUBJECT IS TO BE MADE
AFTER “QUEST I ONING“ ENDS?
Q
I
L -6
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
O
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
i-—‘_'
1_ IF THE §[__!{_'4._IECT IS SUSFECTED OF BEINGA
HOSTILE AGENT, AND HE HAS NOT CONFESSED, WHAT
MEASURES WILL BE TALEN TO ENSURE THAT HE IS NOT
ALLCwED TO OPERATE AS BEFORE?
2. IF THE SUBJECT IS TO BE USED OFERATIONALLY,
‘UHAT EFFECT (IF ANY) WILL THE “CUESTIONING“ HAVE
UPON THE OPERATION?
3. IF THE SUBJECT IS TO BE TURNED OVER TO
ANOTHER SERVICES HON MUCH HILL HE BE ABLE TO TELL
.
4
THEM ABOUT YOUR SERVICE AND METHODS?
4. IF THE SUBJECT IS TO BE TURNED OVER TO THE
.¢
COURTS FOR PROSECUTION, WILL HE BE ABLE TO CAUSE
EMBARRASSHENT TO YOUR SERVICE BECAUSE OF HIS
oeremron AND "0L?ESTIONING"?
I
B. HAVE ANY PROMISES BEEN MADE TO THE SUBJECT WHICH
ARE UNFULFILLED UHEN “OUESTIONING" ENDS? IS HE
UENGEFUL OR LIKELY TO STRIKE BACK? HON?
Q
C. HAS A QUIT—CLAIM BEEN OBTAINED?
D. IF PSYCHOLOGICAL REGRESSION WAS INDUCED IN THE
SUBJECT DURING THE “OUESTIONING" PROCESS. HOW IS IT
PLANNED TO RESTORE HIM TO HIS ORIGINAL MENTAL
CONDITION?
I
E. UAS THE “OUESTIONING“ SUCCESSFUL? WHY?
F. A FAILURE? WHY”
5
. L—7
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
REPORTING
GENERAL
REMEMBER THAT THE “QUESTIONING“ IS NOT AN END IN
ITSELF: IT IS ONLY ONE PART OF THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE.
REGARDLESS OF HOW SUCCESSFUL THE “OUESTIGNING“ HAY BE,
IT IS MCRTHLESS UNTIL seoucso T0 MRITING. THE F'URF'0SE
OF A F<E1F"ORT rs TO RECORD THE INFORMATION osmmeo
oumms "OUESTION[NG“
‘FOR _FUTL|F<E REFERENCE,‘ ANALYSIS
AND DISSENINATION.
RAN NOTES
A. RAN NOTES INCLUDE:
— ERITTEN NOTES MADE DURING THE “OUESTIONING“.
- AUDIO AND VIDEO RECORDINGS OF THE "OUESTIONING“
— ANY DOCUMENTS THE SUBJECT WAS REOUIRED TO FILL
OUT.
B. THE "OUESTIONER’S“ WRITTEN NOTES:
— SHOULD BE BRIEF.
— SHOULD BE NADE AS SURREPTITIOUSLY AS POSSIBLE.
— SHOULD EE LABELED WITH DATE/TIME INFORMATION.
— SHOULD NOT DIVULGE AREAS OF INTEREST BY ONLY
TAKING NOTES ON CERTAIN TOPICS.
Q
A
fl—I
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
__ ____§__§§v+_"
X7 i i N"
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
use OF RECORDING-DEVICE5
THE ;:Q1_1_@;,,U.45 §.[_sGGESTIOf-IS APPLY EQUALLY TC] BOTH AUDIO
AND VIDEO RECORDING DEVICES.
A. THE SUBJECT SHOULD"NOT E<E AWARE THAT HE IS SEING
RECORDED.
8. DO NO-T ATTEf‘1F'T TO RECORD THE ENTIRE “QUESTIONING"
UNLESS THERE IS A SPECIAL F‘UF<F'OSE FOR DOING SO. SUCH
AS LATER EDITING THE TAPE FOR SPECIAL EFFECTS.
C. A/C CURRENT IS FREFERABLE TO BATTERIES BUT
BATTERIES SHOULD as AVAILABLE as BACKUP.
D. IF YOU MUST USE BATTERIES, THEN ALWAYS START EACH
sassrcw WITH FRESH BATTERIES.
E. YOU-SHOULD HAVE A BACKUP RECORDER IN CASE THE
FIRST HALFUNCT IONS.
F. PLAN FOR TAPE REPLACEMENT BEFORE STARTING THE
SESSION.
G. LABEL TAPES ON THE OUTSIDE AND ALSO F<ECORD'AN
‘
IDENTIFYING HEADER ON THE TAPE ITSELF.
an
l
r1—2
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
FR1NClFLE5 OF REPORT
wR1T1~B
_..---——-—-—---—__.....-_...-_.___.._._.._..----'-""-
a.. nccusncv
- INFORMATION SHOULD se REPORTED EXACTLY
as OBTAINED FROM THE sue4ecr. HEQRSAY OR "0UESTIONER“
c0nms~rs SHOULD as IDENTIFIED as sucH.
B.‘ BREVITY
— THE REPORT SHOULD BE BRIEF AND TO THE
POINT. NOONE NANTS TO READ A TEN PAGE REPORT THAT
COULD HAVE BEEN SUMMED UP IN ONE OR TWO.
C. CLARITY
— TAKES PRECEDENCE OVER BREVITY. DON'T
MAKE THE REPORT SO BRIEF THAT IT LACKS PERTINENT
DETAILS]
1. USE SIMPLE SENTENCES AND UNDERSTANDABLE
LANGUAGE.
O. SE SPECIFIC
— DON'T GENERALIZE. .
4'.
3. AVOID ABBREVIATIONS MHICH ARE NOT COMMONLY
,,
KNOWN. IT O.H_ TO ABBREVIATE NAMES OF
ORGANIZATIONS BUT SPELL OUT THE FULL NAME THE
FIRST TIME IT APPEARS IN THE REPORT FOLLOWED BY
THE ABBREVIATION IN PARENTHESES. THEN USE THE
ABBREVIATION THROUGHOUT THE REMAINDER OF THE
. REPORT.
-Q
M-3
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
0. COHERENCE
— REPQRT
ITEHS IN A LO6IC@L~ GFDERLY
SEQUENCE.
E. COMPLETENESS
- ANSHER ALL OUESTICNS WHICH HAY 8E
ASKED BY THE READER OF THE REPORT. REPORT NEGATIVE
'
ANSWERS TO PREVENT
HISUNDERSTANDINGS AND DURLICATIONS
DURING SESSIONS.
F. TIMELINESS
—
TA!-ES PRECEDENCE OVER ALL OTHER
PRINCIPLES. YOU MUST UEIGH FERISHABILITY OF THE
INFORMATION AGAINST COMPLETENESS. IF IT REACHES THE
USER TOO LATE, IT IS OP NO VALUE.
FORMATS
-r
THERE IS NO SET FORMAT E<UT AT A MINIMUM EVERY REPORT
SHOULD ANSNER WHO. WHAT, MHEN, WHERE; WHY, AND Hou..
THE FOLLOWING ARE GUIDELINES PoR THE FINAL REPORT:
A. ONE TOPIC
— ONE REPORT. THIS IS A TREMENDOUS AID
IN LATER ANALYSIS. ESPECIALLY LJHEN USING COMPUTERIZED
CROSS—REFERENCES OR INDEXING.
<
8. THE REPORT SHOULD RELATE TO SPECIFIC
REQUIREMENTS.
REMEMBER THAT THE OBJECTIVE OF THE
“OUESTIONING“ MAS TO MEET THOSE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS.
C. THE REPORT SHOULD INCLUDE AN ASSESSMENT OF THE
SUBJECT, HIS INTELLIGENCE, EXPERIENCE,
COOPERATI VENESS
, AND RELIABILITY.
r-1-4
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
D_ THE REF-QR-T SHQLILD INCLUDE A DISCUFSION ‘OF THE
rscumouss usao. z~c1.uoE nu_ AF'F'R'OACHES usso, H024 mu
USED_THE!“1. AND L-JHICH TECHNIQUE
E<F\'O§';E THE SLIEJECT.
g_ THE REFQRT SHOULD INCLODE A RECOMMENDATION
(POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE) FOR ADDITIONAL "QUESTIONING“o
BASED UPON THE SUE¢JECT'S SPECIALIZED AREAS OF
KNOWLEDGE.
_
-1
r1—S
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
LO
L41
L-3
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
COERC IVE TECHN IQUES
1
THE THEORY OF COERCION
A. THE PURPOSE OF ALL COERCIVE TECHNIQUES IS TO
INDUCE PSYCHOLOGICAL REGRESSION IN THE SUBJECT BY
BRINGING A SUPERIOR OUTSIDE FORCE TO BEAR ON HIS WILL
TO RESIST. REGRESSION IS BASICALLY A LOSS OF
AUTONOHY, A REVERSION.TO AN EARLIER BEHAVIORAL LEVEL.
AS THE SUBJECT REGRESSES,'HIS
LEARNED PERSONALITY
TRAITS FALL AWAY IN REVERSE CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER. HE
BEGINS TO LOSE THE CAPACITY TO CARRY OUT THE HIGHEST
CREATIVE ACTIVITIES, TO DEAL WITH COMPLEX SITUATIONS,
TO COPE WITH STRESSFUL INTERPERSONAL
RELATIONSHIPS, OR
TO cope mm REPEATED FRUSTRATIONS. _l”‘?~ ‘*5-‘L
0*?
°‘°'-‘T
CA,/€QC._)€. '_T§(;_;:.-_ 5_/33. I: |mpQQP£@ ANA \.'IoL-f?T§”.<_:
4/
B. THERE ARE THREE MAJOR PRINCIPLES INVOLVED IN THE
SUCCESSFUL APPLICATION OF COERCIVE TECHNIQUES:
DEBILITY (PHYSICAL WEAKNESS)
FOR CENTURIES "QUESTIONERS“ HAVE EMPLOYED VARIOUS
NETHODS OF INDUCING PHYSICAL WEAKNESSES:
PROLONGED CONSTRAINT; PROLONGED EXERTION:
_ pr‘ EXTREHES OF HEAT. COLD. OR MOISTURE: AND’,
. ,¢~-(3? _‘-4
'01 i“1£ 'rs1'/’>~
F:--.‘I sr’--"--~ ~
DEFRIVATION OF FOQ0 OR SLEEP.A THE ASSUHPTIONH
-J3 ‘Hera *=z'~/
~;u;§ “W
/,=~~C
_ THAT LONERING THE SU8JECT’S PHYSIOLOGICAL
RESISTANCE WILL LOWER HIS PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPACITY
FOR RESISTANCE: HOWEVER. THERE HAS BEEN NO
SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION OF THIS ASSUHPTION.
rr-
1
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
I
:3
Q
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
MANY PSYCHOLOGISTS
CONSIDER THE THREAT OF
INDUCING DEBILITY TO E<E MORE EFFECTIVE THAN
DEBILITY ITSELF. FROLONGED CONSTRAINT OR
EXERTION. SUSTAINED DEPRIVATION OF FOOD OR SLEEP,
ETC. OFTEN ETECONE PATTERNS TO WHICH A SUBJECT
ADJUSTS BY BECOMING APATHETIC AND NITHDRAUING
INTO HIMSELF. IN SEARCH OF ESCAPE FROM THE
DISCOHFORT AND TENSION. IN THIS CASE DEBILITY
WOULD BE COUNTER.PF'ODUCTIVE.
/‘/NOT&/E-.1? CQZRCIHZ Ticawlfia
/s
_
L T0 HANIPULATE
THE SU8JECT’S ENVIRONMENT TO DISRUPT PATT S.
. man AC AK¢2A1\'6/M”
NOT TO CREATE THEH)A
MEALS AND sLEEF—suQuee-eE
Sc”FH27'oCC’-IQ
Gmmzfifi IRREGULARLY, IN MORE THAN ABUNDANCE OR
LESS THAN ADEOUACY. ON NO DISCERNIBLE TIME
- LS ¢><>.\-E To
F‘ATTEF;N. DISORIENT THE SUBJECT AND1
-.\L~.
)\ .
'.
\-
' "V’)
HIS CAPACITY TU
__ - -- -- _1T
Q‘,r"\<»xS-XS.
RESIST
*”>'~'>~""-‘.5 U‘ "I‘?QCA<'.fi.i ‘D "v—'¢;~f.~
$5v¢N§
Q5/CFc;eG'F*-_;)~:-EE
A“ ”—
Is
F
‘I
/. .2~."\ 0
'1' Tc
7~'_'~‘
<.'. .
DEPENDENCY
HE IS HELPLESSLY DEPENDENT UPON THE "QUESTIONER"
FOR THE SATISFACTION OF ALL BASIC NEEDS-
DREAD (INTENSE FEAR
-'.-< ANXIETY)
susTA1~Eo LONG ENOUGH. A STRONG FEAR 0F ANYTHING
VAGUE OR u~+~0u~ [NDUCES REGRESSION. ow THE
OTHER HAND. HATERIALIZATION 0F THE FEAR rs LIKELY
TO conE AS A RELIEF. THE SUBJECT FINDS THAT HE
CAN HOLD OUT AND HIS RESISTANCE IS STRENGTHENED.
K-1.‘
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
up
~”
"
\.~ _
-
—
IF THE DEBILITY--DEPENDENC-Y-
DREAD snare IS umnuuf PROLONGED, THE susaecr HAY
s1r~u< mm A DEFENSIVE APATHY FROM wH1cH IT IS
A
'17//s /L.'.¢Ls'T¢<VTsS udy 771//5’
HARD TO mouse Hm. A
'_
-
¢o€RC‘.\ ~/5;. T21‘-d'fN/Zed mm?" ?R6.P/-LQ2
I o@T1-<62,
F*S¥8H8
I-N@fl’9("50 .
-
L-6
11. ‘_OBJ'ECTIONS T0 HCOERCION
-'
I
A. THERE IS A_ PROFOUND MORAL OBJECTION TO APPLYING
"
_ DURESS BEYOND THE POINT OF IRREVERSIBLE PSYCHOLOGICAL
-
;
.
- DAf'1AGE'SUCH AS OCCURS DURING BRAINWAS!-iING_,
_
BRAINWASHING 'INVOLV§.THE CONDITIONING OF A SU'BJECT’S
‘
. "STIMULUS-—'RESPONSE BOND“ THROUGH THE use
0F‘
iv-Tess sans
TECHNIQUES, BUT THE OBJECTIVE OF BRAINWASHING IS
DIRECTED PRIHARILY TOWARDS THE SU8JECT’S ACC§TANCE
AND ADOPTION OE BELIEFS, BEHAVIOR, OR DOCTRINE ALIEN
TO HIS NATIVE CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT FOR PROPAGANDA (-
'
”I”H1s T§.“Crf""E;-
I‘
RATHER THAN INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION PURPOSES. -(STEELE
'
‘—J"B‘DG E—=rHE~vHL—1=s=1=&=¥—eF
.
U
H_L£['5~,¢;_,_ AN; may /\)<>TSZ£<2./)
_ _
~ -
ant/<>~<’)‘:.
L-7 B.
_ SOME PSYCHOLOGISTS FEEL THAT THE SUBJCT’S ABILITY
TO RECALL AND COMMUNICATE INFORMATION ACCURATELY IS AS
IMPAIRED AS HIS WILL TO RESIST. TH-I-S-Q86*E€“FI‘ON*HA'S
QLiES-H I<l:L:
IS—ONN .CONF-ZELSS I ON-—IS_';'TR_UE"OR‘
___J=lE>—DC-IE8‘-'NEED _r:1QsJsRY-@r=-nu1;—H1-s—r1ENTAL“*ANn‘
i
PR‘?S%8AL—-9-D.HEB.5.LIbQKNOfll~lJHEU4ER;HE—I€¥A$R¥:68;:NOT,
K-3
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
I
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
ON A CONFESSIO:/£§/BETATNED. THE
CLASiiE/QAUTIONS
-APPLv. HE/i§ESSURES
ARE
LIFTED/ENOUGH so THAT THE
) SUBJECT CA ROVIDE INF'ORM¢§.ION AS ACCURATELY AS/
,/
0
//
_/
PQSSTELE. IN cT, THE RELIEF GRANTED
THE/SMEFEET AT
FATS TIME
FITS/NE
LY INTO THE “DUESTIOLNG' PLAN. Hg
/
IS TOLD TIVHE CHANGED TREATMENT I5,-A
REWARD FOR
_
\\
TRUTHFU /NESS AND EVIDENC THAT FRIENDLY HANDLING WILL
C INUE AS LONG AS HE COOPER TES.
T
G:C—“OERG-T-17i?‘E~(5HN-IJ3UES_.__
25ké*——THE8E*TECHNTQUES“SRUUCD_BE“RESERVEDTFOR_THOSETSOHJECTS
WHO_.1=IAUE-BEEN--T<RA~INED-OR-WHO "HAVE-‘DEVELOPED -THE
"
A&mLU'm!££@IUmwmamm£4E&mwmm,_
8
IV. COERCIVE TECHNIQUES
8 A. ARREST
THE MANNER AND TIMING OF ARREST SHOULD 8E PLANNED TO
ACHIEVE SURPRISE AND THE MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF MENTAL
DISCOMFORT. HE SHOULD THEREFORE HE ARRESTED ATA
MOMENT WHEN HE LEAST EXPECTS IT AND WHEN HIS MENTAO
AND PHYSICAL RESISTANCE IS AT ITS LOWEST. IDEALLY IN
THE EARLY HOURS OF THE MORNING. WHEN ARRESTED AT THIS
TIME. MOST SUBJECTS EXPERIENCE INTENSE FEELINGS OF
SHOCK. INSECURITY. AND PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS AND FOR
THE MOST PART HAVE GREAT DIFFICULTY ADJUSTING TO THE
SITUATION. IT IS ALSO IMPORTANT THAT THE ARRESTING
PARTY BEHAVE IN SUCH A MANNER AS T0 IMPRESS THE
SUBJECT WITH THEIR EFFICIENCY.
L.
-
4
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
L~9
- ~ cut hair
- issue
'
baszY_
. cIo*h1ng
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
\”- up
B.' DETENTION
A PERSON’S SENSE OF IDENTITY DEPENDS UPON A CONTINUITY
IN HIS SURROUNDINGS, HABITS, APPEARANCE; ACTIONS,
RELATIONS WITH OTHERS, ETC. DETENTION PERMITS THE
“QUESTIONER“ TO CUT THROUGH THESE LINKS AND THROW THE
SUBJECT BACK UPON HIS OWN UNAIDED INTERNAL RESOURCES.
DETENTION SHOULD BE PLANNED TO ENHANCE THE SUBJECT'S
FEELINGS OF BEING CUT OFF FROM ANYTHING KNOWN AND.
REASSURINGl
'
-
LITTLE IS GAINED IF CONFINEMENT MERELY REPLACES ONE
ROUTINE WITH ANOTHER. THE SUBJECT SHOULD NOT BE
PROVIDED WITH ANY ROUTINE TO WHICH HE CAN ADAPT.
NEITHER SHOULD DETENTION BECOME MONOTONOUS TO THE
POINT WHERE THE SUBJECT BECOMES APATHETIC. APATHY IS
A VERY EFFECTIVE DEFENSE AGAINST “QUESTIONING“.
CONSTANTLY DISRUPTING PATTERNS WILL CAUSE HIM TO
BECOME DISORIENTED AND TO EXPERIENCE FEELINGS OF FEAR
AND HELPLESSNESS.
IT IS IMPORTANT TO DETERMINE IF THE SUBJECT HAS BEEN
DETAINED PREVIOUSLY, HOW OFTEN, HOW LONG, UNDER WHAT
CIRCUMSTANCES, AND WHETHER HE WAS SUBJECTED TO
"QUESTIONING“. FAMILIARITY WITH DETENTION OR EVEN
WITH ISOLATION REDUCES THE EFFECT.
L’_<
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
L—10
ID
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
\. \
C. DEPRIVATION OF SENSORY STINULI
SOLITARY CONFINEMENT ACTS ON HOST PERSONS ASA
POWERFUL. STRESS. A PERSON CUT OFF FROM EXTERNAL
STINULI -TURNS HIS AWARENESS INK/-IARD AND PROJECTS HIS
UNCONSIOUS -OUTNARD. THE SYMPTOMS HOST CONNONLY
'
PRODUCED BY_ SOLITARY CONFINENENT ARE. SUPERSTLTION,
_
INTENSE-LOVE OF ANY OTHER LIVING THING, PERCEIVING
INANIHATE OBJECTS AS ALIVE, HALLUCINATIONS, 'AND _-
_
0E1_us10Ns..l75'—‘6.
°<’4T5I—.‘7, Q'p“’?5"NGF"'TH‘£S£ 1 "3
Z:
5\')(»\fToh9
1'; -A saflipu _mPRO PR:£-Tjy GNP
A1_THou'eH CONDITIONS‘. ICAt__ T0__TH0sE
_ SOLITARY
'
- ~_
mg INEHENT
‘FD
HE PURPO 0E. -~0uEs'r_I0M
u
HA
_
R
NOT
BEEN UPLI ED FOR SCIENTIF C EXP If‘1Ef9T_ ,
.A
f
/
NUMBER EXPERIMENTS HAVE B CONPUCTED WI
-
- =//
/.
SUB CTS O VOLUNTEERED/TO B Aigg/TN “SENSOR:
/
/
_
.
THEY WERE SUS ENDED IN WATER AND
/
PRIVATION r~u<E_".’
s, wH1cH/QLQEED E ENTIREH
\_\-
\<‘§”\ MORE BLACK-OUT S/K
/
/ ‘A
AND ONLY ALLOWED B .THING. THEY HEARD \NLY $4?
OQIN
/
/I
I
W
*
BRE THING ND SOHE
/
IPI .
C7
FAI SOUNDS OF WATER F THE
.¢/
I’/A
_
__,4
.
,->
,-/‘ 5.
\o w>\e_.PRoL<>nc;2\>
$<>1~'T">R‘/
C°*°F‘°‘?‘“DM'
'jFOR "fag PWLQ OSIZ Q41 QXTRQQ-T’N@
K-5
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
\.
L2’
\
ID:§UMMAR1ZE7THE:RESUbTS-OF—THESE—EXPER%flEN¥S1
.
'
_ J Z
\
ZX-_,'/<gmg_,
1,4_Q*,@_€;"L-RiC_]:__-/
1) A DEPRIVATION OF SENSORY STIHULI INDUCESflSTR§§S AND
'
-
H
Q33
., fl11_(>‘1S.. A FARM 07: —]*<,(3Tu@_5_. .n"s 1/<92 ¢0.~?T'I
ANXIET\/yf
/1' 9353 0'”;
'
*
!">P6’oPR§€:§‘I
!°¢.“_‘-D
V10
L_~f.£S_-6,H
) THE STRESS AND ANXIETY BECOME UNBEARABLE FOR-HOST
SU ECTS. THEY HAVE A GROWING NEED FOR PHYSICAL ND
SOCIA STIHULI. HOW MUCH THEY ARE ABLE TO ST
_
DEPENDS PON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIS CS OF THE
1
INDIVIDUAL. r~:0u LET HE REIIATE THIS T0‘
~
."QUESTIONING" “SITUATION. AS THE “QU STIONER“ BECOMES
LINKED IN THE JECT’S HIND WI UHAN CONTACT AND
HEANINGFUL ACTIVI THE ANXI LESSENS. 'THE
“QUESTIONER“ CAN TAK ADVANTAGE OF THIS RELATIONSHIP
BY ASSUHING A BENEVOLEN ROLE.
3) SOME SUBJECTS ROGRESSI ELY LOSE TOUCH WITH
REALITY, FOCUS NARDLY, AND PR DUCE DELUSIONS,
HALLUCINATIONS AND OTHER PATHOLOG AL EFFECTS.. IN
GENERAL THE MORE NELL—ADJUSTED A SU ECT IS, THE HORE
'
HE I AFFECTED BY DEPRIVATION. NEUROTI ‘AND PSYCHOTIC
S JECTS ARE COHPARATIVELY UNAFFECTED OR SHOW
_
I
DECREASES IN ANXIETY.
0
L
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
D
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
D. THREATS AND FEAR
THE THREAT OF CDERCIDN USUALLY NEAHENS OR DESTROYS
RESISTANCE MORE EFFECTIVELY THAN COERCION ITSELF. FOR
EXAMPLE. THE THREAT TO INFLICT PAIN CAN TRIGGER FEARS
HORE DAHAGING THAN THE IHNEDIATE SENSATION OF PAIN.
IN FACT, HOST PEOPLE UNDERESTIHATE THEIR CAPACITY TO
UITHSTAND PAIN. IN GENERAL, DIRECT PHYSICAL BRUTALITY
CREATES ONLY RESENTHENT. HOSTILITY. AND FURTHER
DEFIANCE.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A THREAT DEPENDS ou THE
PERSONALITY OF THE SUBJECT, HHETHER HE BELIEVES THE
“QUESTIONER“ CAN AND WILL CARRY OUT THE THREAT, AND ON
UHAT HE BELIEVES TO BE THE REASON FOR THE THREAT. A
THREAT SHOULD BE DELIVERED COLDLY, NOT SHOUTED IN
ANGER. 0R MADE IN RESPONSE TO THE SUBJECT'S 0u~
ExRREssr0~s OF HOSTILITY. EXPRESSIONS OF ANGER av THE
“QUESTIONER“ ARE OFTEN INTERPRETED BY THE SUBJECT AsA
FEAR OF FAILURE. WHICH STRENGTHENS HIS RESOLVE TO
RESIST.
A THREAT SHOULD GRANT THE SUBJECT TIME FOR COMPLIANCE
AND IS HOST EFFECTIVE UHEN JOINED WITH A SUGGESTED
RATIONALIZATION FOR COHPLIANCE. IT IS NOT ENOUG_H THAT
A SUBJECT E<E PLACED UNDER THE TENSION OF FEAR: HE NUST
ALS__O DISCERN AN ACCEPTABLE ESCAPE ROUTE.
¥'.—8
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Q
/'
\
f
L-12
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
L”
\_
THE THREAT OF DEATH HAS-BEEN‘FOUND TO BE HORSE THN
USELESS. THE PRINCIPAL REASON IS THAT IT OFTEN
INDUCES SHEER HOPELESSNESS; THE SUBJECT FEELS THAT HE
.
IS AS LIKELY TO BE CONDEMNED AFTER COMPLIANCE AS
BEFORE. SOME SUBJECTS RECOGNIZE THAT THE THREAT ISA
BLUF—'F._'AND THAT SILENCING THE-ZH F0REi/ER 'w0u1_o DEFEAT THE
“QUESTIUNER’S" PURPOSE. _-
.
THE PR:_~c,r>AL DQQUBGCK Ta u§»¢\;c,.THQ2H'T$-
fF—A~6BBECTTREFUSES~¥Q-68M8L¥_DNCE_A_IHRE&i;HAS:BEEN
_
PH\/SlC_6'L.. Co2.Rc;1o~.<=r< 1-oK‘mQ<.:. /3-“THAT
_»1@reE;¢—-rrj r1tr53::£~eARRTE1f0UT."~ IT
IE"
_
"'TR£"$v£>I€.~. QT
r*\e"s' CALL "ma ¢sz.w=;1. IF <H_
DO<Z,_$).’5\p~S\/\)C.‘:_. smqn |HR?PrT-S cwmor 61
‘__
'
\__'_
__ _..',
T-'
Q£_’]‘S‘
(LP>62R\2,D ouux Tag u_\_._ H F*‘\\f‘<*/ 1"‘
.-
~
C_owLD REQELT m _<»\<:JaT.‘: E/.*'~1~_@ PQWTKR
5- _*°"*.¥"' _'THe~ L0$\r\:§- 1‘£!f~ Cok/r='°Y*\/<"€.,
EVERYONE IS AWARE THAT PEOPLE REACT VERY DIFFERENTLY
'
TO PAIN BUT THE REASON IS NOT BECAUSE OF A DIFFERENCE _
IN THE INTENSITY OF THE SENSATION ITSELF. ALL PEOPLE
HAVE APPROXIMATELY THE SAME THRESHOLD AT WHICH THEY
BEGIN TO FEEL PAIN AND THEIR ESTIHATES OF SEVERITY ARE
ROUGHLY THE SAME. THE WIDE RANGE OF INDIVIDUAL
. Q
REACTIONS IS BASED PRIMARILY ON EARLY CONDITIONING TO
PAIN. '_ -
'
THE TORTURE SITUATION IS AN EXTERNAL CONFLICT,A
CONTEST BETWEEN THE SUBJECT AND HIS TORMENTOR. THE
PAIN WHICH ISQBEING INFLICTED UPON HIM FROM OUTSIDE
HIMSELF MAY ACTUALLY INTENSIFY HIS HILL TO RESIST. ON
THE OTHER HAND, PAIN WHICH HE FEELS HE IS INFLICTING
UPON HIMSELF IS MORE LIKELY TO SAP HIS RESISTANCE.
K-9
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
FOR EXAMPLE. IF HE IS REQUIRED TO MAINTAIN RIGID
POSITIONS SUCH AS STANDING AT ATTENTION OR SITTING ON
A STOOL FOR LONG PERIODS OF TIME. THE IMMEDIATE SOURCE
D1SCZ;m.FC>€3‘
OF Rifl IS NOT THE “QUESTIONER“ BUT THE SUBJECT
HIMSELF. HIS CONFLICT IS THEN AN INTERNAL STRUGGLE.
AS LONG AS HE MAINTAINS THIS POSITION. HE IS
ATTRIBUTING TO THE “OUESTIONER“ THE ABILITY TO DO
SOMETHING WORSE. BUT THERE IS NEVER A SHOHDOUN WHERE
THE “QUESTIONER" DEMONSTRATES THIS ABILITY. AFTERA
_
'
(\‘lQ\/
PERIOD OF TIME. THE SUBJECT ¥8—E4KEtY_T6-EXHAUST HIS
1
~[1;.5 T_<_‘,c;+4»J-@¢.2 mm"
|
¢
I
1
INTERNAL MOTIVATIONAL STRENGTH.
__
-
_réIA.r ‘¢&:
I
I \ <"__ LL$‘”D F 63 FF:?'00_‘I OT Hm‘?
_
CFYSTLLIDNCB :.»1r1o¢~.Z.'J
“rob
IHELKCE (“FM N OR PH‘-'1 "Q6 =~
mrawse PAIN rs cums LIKELY TO PRODUCE FALSE
J~""‘”"‘
1~
CONFESSIONS, FABRICATED TO AVOID ADDITIONAL
.
PUNISHMENT. THIS RESULTS IN A TIME CONSUMING DELAY
wHILE INVESTIGATION IS CONDUCTED AND THE ADMISSIONS
ARE FROVEN UNTRUE. DURING THIS RESPITE. THE SUBJECT
CAN BULL HIMSELF TOGETHER AND MAY EVEN USE THE TIME TO
DEVISE A MORE COMPLEX CONFESSION THAT TAKES STILL
LONGER TO DISPROVE.
SOME SUBJECTS ACTUALLY ENJOY PAIN AND UITHHOLD
INFORMATION THEY MIGHT OTHERWISE HAVE DIVULGED IN
ORDER TO BE FUNISHED.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
L-13
L-I4
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
IF PAIN IS NOT USED UNTIL LATE IN THE "OUESTIONING"
PROCESS AND AFTER OTHER TACTICS HAVE FAILED. THE
SUBJECT IS LIKELY TO CONCLUDE THAT THE “OUESTIONER“ IS
BECOMING DESFARATE. HE HILL. FEEL THAT IF HE CAN HOLD
OUT JUST A LITTLE LONGER. HE MILL WIN THE STRUGGLE AND
HIS FREEDOM. ONCE A SUBJECT HAS SUCCESSFULLY
UJITHSTOOD PAIN. HE IS EXTREHELY DIFFICULT TO
"QUESTION" USING MORE SUE’-DUED METHODS.
F. HYPNOSIS AND HEIGHTENED SUGGESTIBILITY
THE RELIABILITY OF ANSWERS OBTAINED FROH A SUBJECT
ACTUALLY UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF HYF'NOTISf‘1 IS HIGHLY
DOUBTFUL. HIS ANSWERS ARE OFTEN E<ASED UPON THE
SUGGESTIONS OF THE “QUESTIONER" AND ARE DISTORTED OR
FAE<R ICATED.
HOWEVER. THE SUE<JECT'S STRONG DESIRE TO ESCAPE THE
STRESS OF THE SITUATION CAN CREATE A STATE OF MIND
WHICH IS CALLED HEIGHTENED SUGGESTIEILITY. THE
Q
"QUESTI,ONER" CAN TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THIS STATE OF NIND
E<Y CREATING A "HYFNOTIC SITUATION", AS DISTINGUISHED
FROM HYPNOSIS ITSELF. THIS HYPNOTIC SITUATION'CAN BE
CREATED BY THE "r“lAGIC ROOM“ TECHNIOUE.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
L-IS
L-I6
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
FOR EXAMPLE. THE SUBJECT IS GIVEN AN HYFNOTIC
SUGGESTION THAT HIS HAND IS GROWING WARN. HOWEVER.
HIS HAND ACTUALLY DOES BECONE HARM WITH THE AID OFA
CONCEALED DIATHERHY NACHINE. HE HAY BE GIVENA
SUGGESTION THAT A CIGARETTE WILL TASTE BITTER AND HE
COULD BE GIVEN A CIGARETTE PREPARED TO HAVE A SLIGHT
BUT NOTICEABLY BITTER TASTE.
A PSYCHOLOGICALLY INHATURE SUBJECT, OR ONE WHO HAS
BEEN REGRESSED. COULD ADOPT A SUGGESTION THAT HE HAS
BEEN HYPNOTIZED. WHICH HAS RENDERED HIF1 INCAPABLE OF
RESISTANCE. THIS RELIEVES HIM OF THE FEELING OF
RESPONSIBILITY FOR HIS ACTIONS AND ALLOWS HIF1 TO
REVEAL INFORHAT I ON.
H. NARCOSIS
THERE IS NO DRUG WHICH CAN FORCE EVERY SUBJECT TO
DIVULGE ALL THE INFORMATION HE HAS. BUT JUST AS IT IS
POSSIBLE TO CREATE A HISTAKEN BELIEF THAT A SUEPJECT
HAS BEEN HYPNOTIZED BY USING THE "MAGIC ROOt‘1"
TECHNIQUE. IT IS POSSIBLE TO CREATE A HISTAKEN BELIEF
THAT A SUBJECT HAS BEEN DRUGGED BY USING THE "FLACEBO"
TECHNIQUE
.
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
STUOIES INDICATE THAT AS HIGH AS 30 TO so PERC€NT OF
INDIVIDUALS ARE PLACEBO REACTORS. IN THIS TECHNIQUE
THE SUBJECT IS GIVEN A FLACEBO (A HARHLESS SUGAR PILL)
AND LATER IS TOLO HE wAS GIVEN A TRUTH SERUH. uHIcH
HILL MAKE HIH UAHT TO TALK AND uHIcH WILL ALSO PREVENT
HIS LYING. HIS DESIRE TO FIND AN ExcUSE FOR
_
H
COMPLIANCE. uH1cH IS HIS ONLY AVENUE OF ESOAPE FROH
HIS DEPRESSING SITUATION. MAY MAKE HIH HAHT TO BELIEVE
THAT HE-HAS BEEN DRUGOED AND THAT NO ONE cOUD BLAME
HIH FOR TELLING HIS STORY NOW. THIS PROVIDES HIH WITH
A RATIONALIZATION THAT HE NEEDS FOR COOPERATING.
THE FUNCTION OF BOTH THE "F’LACE80“ TECHNIQUE AND THE
“MAGIC ROOF1“ TECHNIQUE IS TO CAUSE CAFITULATION BY THE
SUBJECT, TO CAUSE HIH TO SHIFT FROM RESISTANCE TO
COOPERATION. ONCE THIS SHIFT HAS BEEN ACCOHFLISHED,
THESE TECHNIQUES ARE NO LONGER NECESSARY AND SHOULD
NOT- EIE USED PERSISTENTLY TO FACILITATE THE
“QUESTIONING" THAT FOLLOWS CAPITULATION.
4
1
4
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
-
IV.
L-17
§/Z
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
\- we
REGRESSION
'
_gs
I SAID AT THE aeerwmrme OF OUR orscussrou OF
COERCIVE TECHNIQUES, THE PURPOSE OF ALL COERCIVE
TECHNIQUES IS TO INDUCE REGRESSION. HOW SUCCESSFUL
THESE TECHNIQUES ARE IN INDUCING REGRESSION DEPENDS
UPON AN ACCURATE PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF TH
SUBJECT AND A PROPER MATCHING OF METHOD TO SOURCE; ._ ,
- A150
THERE ARE A FEW NON—COERCIVE TECHNIQUES WHICH CANABE
"
*
_ fr /s.'lL.L_'£E/{L~/4/\J£_>
USED TO INDUCE REGRESSIONL.BUTf¥€:§:EESEER:UEEREE:IHAN-.
AQAIMKT PmJc¥ HFLua.TH2M Tb fKOQq¢g'
OQN18E=68¥A%N
r\>»:-;e(<‘£;ss'<>w. FOLLZOIQIN6 1; 1+-1_/:.'"r o;=~TH2sz-
-EFFE6¥%VENES8=@F=$HE9E-TESHN¥UUESIDEBENUSIHEfl:EBE- .3
NOY\‘- c.o.:;R-'c,: vi‘/_ .'7_2c'Hr_\1: L-J54‘ 0+! Rag“ f?£_
"QUE8¥%QNER*8“*C6N¥RL-OE_IH ONMENT%*—F6R
- _
c;Rf»;e"r (MR2; ae¢»+wa op 7.?»/*2‘/R
'-Ywi-¢¢1<"TH$'1' Y1
E*@“B&5=‘To 1SLLS2I f
”
‘
A. PERSISTENT MANIPULATION OF TIME
B. RETARDING AND ADVANCING CLOCKS
C. SERVING MEALS AT ODD TIMES
D. DISRUPTING SLEEP SCHEDULES
.
‘E. DISORIENTATION REGARDING DAY AND NIGHT
-
F. UNPATTERNED "QUESTIONING“ SESSIONS
G. NONSENSICAL QUESTIONING
4
H.
'
IGNORING HALF—HEARTED ATTEMPTS TO COOPERATE
I. REWARDING NON—COOPERATION
\ u
IN GENERAL, THWARTING ANY ATTEMPT BY THE SUBJECT TO~
RELATE TO HIS NEW ENVIRONMENT WILL REINFORCE THE
EFFECTS OF REGRESSIDN AND DRIVE HIM DEEPER AND DEEPER
INTO HIMSELF, UNTIL HE NO LONGER IS ABLE TO CONTROL
HIS RESPONSES IN AN ADULT FASHION.
K—14
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
_,.-.._..
~
WHETHER REGRESSION OCCURS SPONTANEOUSLY UNDER
'
-
.
. <;/um
DETENTION OR-ISOTNDUCED BY THE “QUESTIONER“_. IT C=bt8&—:9-
F_0@4{€/vi?/AL Tgzrhfl/7/#5 soofv A: I» s A0»/6
.
'
A PSYCHIATRIST SHOULD BE <1r41_L,ZD
ESENTHIF-' sew TE-l_7HNiQUES ARE T as EMPLOYED,
INSU FULL
ROEVERSQ LQTER. AS SOON PO BLE, THE
~@u'EeT-Io R\“S1—£OOLD PRO E THE sues rm THE
R TIONALIZAT N THAT HE wean F ezvme AND
co
.ERATiNG'.' T
‘
s RATIONAL ATI
'
IS LIKELY TO
ELEM ITARY, AN ADU
i‘ v ;0~
0:? A LDHOOD exc
SUCH
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
\c'¥ ‘P
.
-'
,
'
EY DE YOU IT.f"
“Q HE OTHER BO QRE DOING IT."
"YOU'RE. REQLLY A GOOD BOY AT HEART
\
- K-15
Approved for Release: 2023/06/28 C00107398
Frequently Asked Questions
It is the CIA's 1983 interrogation training manual taught to Latin American liaison services, especially in Honduras, and became the subject of a major 1990s Congressional investigation into U.S.-taught coercive interrogation practices.
This declassified copy includes handwritten 1984-85 revisions inserting an explicit 'Prohibition Against Use of Force' disclaimer stating coercive techniques are 'neither authorized nor condoned,' added after internal review of the manual's content.